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운동 중재가 경도인지장애 노인의 뇌 유래 신경영양인자와 인지기능에 미치는 영향

Effects of Exercise Interventions on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factors and Cognitive Function in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

홍광석|이동현
학교체육연구소 (Physical Education Lab of Chung-Ang University)|2021.09|Asian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science|제9권 제5호|pp. 11-22|DOI 10.24007/ajpess.2021.9.5.002

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참고문헌

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cognitive function인지기능Mild cognitive impairment경도인지장애BDNFneurogenesisneuroplasticity신경세포 생성뇌신경 가소성뇌 유래 신경영양인자
주제분류체육

초록

노인 인구의 급증과 함께 퇴행성 신경질환으로 고통받는 환자의 수가 증가하고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위한 대책 마련에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 치매 전단계로 알려진 경도인지장애(mild cognitive impairment, MCI)를 경험하고 있는 고령자는 나날이 증가하고 있으며, 대표적인 비약물적 치료법 중 하나로 규칙적인 운동이 권장되고 있다. 운동 중재는 뇌 유래 신경영양인자(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)의 발현을 증가시키며, 이는 뇌 신경세포 생성(neurogenesis)을 일으켜 MCI 노인의 인지기능 개선에 기여하는 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구는 MCI 노인을 대상으로 운동 중재가 BDNF 발현과 인지기능 변화에 미친 영향을 규명한 선행연구를 요약·정리하였다. 조사결과 중강도와 고강도 유산소 운동 또는 유산소 운동과 저항성운동을 결합한 복합운동은 뇌 세포 변화 및 인지기능 개선에 효과적인 운동 강도와 운동방법으로 밝혀졌으며, 인지 중재 처치와 병행할 경우 더 큰 개선 효과가 나타난 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구는 MCI 노인을 대상으로 운동프로그램 처방 시 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단되며, MCI 노인의 인지기능 향상과 치매로의 진행을 막기 위한 운동프로그램 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

As the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is increasing in older adults, considerable attention has been paid to the question of how to prevent and treat those diseases. The number of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is progressively increasing. With respect to this life-threatening complication, regular exercise training has been recommended as one of the non-pharmacological treatments. Specifically, exercise-based interventions enhance the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and in turn ameliorate cognitive function in older adults through neurogenesis in the brain. Furthermore, moderate and vigorous-intensity aerobic exercises or combined (aerobic and resistance training) exercise programs contribute to improving the transcriptional regulation of BDNF and cognitive abilities in older people with MCI. It is also suggested that the combination of exercise interventions with cognitive tasks leads to a greater enhancement in cognitive function. This study would be utilized for the development of exercise prescription and clinical strategies to mitigate cognitive decline and prevent the progression from MCI to any form of dementia.

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