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노인 인지기능 향상을 위한 운동프로그램 최신 동향

Current Trends of Exercise Programs for Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults

이상기|김민서|이소윤|문영진|조우연|이재현|장세연|진재호|Yaxiong Zheng|정혜광
한국운동생리학회|2024.08|운동과학 (Exercise Science)|제33권 제3호|pp. 254-271|DOI 10.15857/ksep.2024.00395

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노인Older adults인지기능Cognitive functionAerobic exercise저항성 운동Resistance exercise균형 운동유산소성 운동Balance exercise

초록

PURPOSE: Limited studies have analyzed exercise protocols for cognitive improvement in older adults. Therefore, we closely examined the composition, content, and operation methods of these exercise programs to identify current trends. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2019 and 2024. The search terms used included “older adults”, “cognitive function”, “mild cognitive impairment”, “dementia”, “exercise”, “physical activity”, and other related terms, in both Korean and English. RESULTS: Aerobic exercises primarily comprised step-based exercises (walking and stepping) and dance routines, typically lasting 15-60 minutes per session, 1-3 times per week for 6-24 weeks, regardless of the individual’s cognitive level. Assistant instructors often participated, and in cases of severe cognitive impairment, patients’ caregivers also participated. Resistance exercises were most often performed using body weight and elastic bands, along with other tools and equipment, such as balls, water bottles, or specialized equipment. The exercises commonly involved 8-12 repetitions, 2-3 sets, with 1-minute rest between sets. Several programs included functional exercises to improve daily living performance. Other activities that were incorporated into the exercise programs included exergames and balance, mind-body, peripheral, and eye exercises. CONCLUSIONS: Recent cognitive exercise programs for older adults typically last three months and use a variety of tools or digital technologies within the scope of older adult exercise guidelines. Exercises for people with severe cognitive impairment tend to be more individualized, gradual, and flexible in their approach.

Abstract

PURPOSE: Limited studies have analyzed exercise protocols for cognitive improvement in older adults. Therefore, we closely examined the composition, content, and operation methods of these exercise programs to identify current trends. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2019 and 2024. The search terms used included “older adults”, “cognitive function”, “mild cognitive impairment”, “dementia”, “exercise”, “physical activity”, and other related terms, in both Korean and English. RESULTS: Aerobic exercises primarily comprised step-based exercises (walking and stepping) and dance routines, typically lasting 15-60 minutes per session, 1-3 times per week for 6-24 weeks, regardless of the individual’s cognitive level. Assistant instructors often participated, and in cases of severe cognitive impairment, patients’ caregivers also participated. Resistance exercises were most often performed using body weight and elastic bands, along with other tools and equipment, such as balls, water bottles, or specialized equipment. The exercises commonly involved 8-12 repetitions, 2-3 sets, with 1-minute rest between sets. Several programs included functional exercises to improve daily living performance. Other activities that were incorporated into the exercise programs included exergames and balance, mind-body, peripheral, and eye exercises. CONCLUSIONS: Recent cognitive exercise programs for older adults typically last three months and use a variety of tools or digital technologies within the scope of older adult exercise guidelines. Exercises for people with severe cognitive impairment tend to be more individualized, gradual, and flexible in their approach.

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