학생의 능력별 집단편성에 대한 비판적 접근
The critical approach about students' ability grouping
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>신자유주의 패러다임의 영향에 의해 우리나라의 교육 분야에서 변화의 힘을 얻고 있는 것이 ‘능력별 집단편성’이다. 현재는 7차 교육과정의 수준별 교육과정으로 시행되고 있지만, 고교평준화제도 폐지 등 학교 단위의 능력별 집단편성으로 점차 확대 시행되려는 움직임이 강하다. 그러나 국내외의 여러 실증적인 연구결과에 의하면, 능력별 집단편성은 많은 문제점과 불평등 요소를 내포하고 있음이 밝혀지고 있다.따라서 현재와 같이 능력별 집단편성 체제로 확대시행되려는 시점에서, 실증적인 연구결과를 바탕으로 능력별 집단편성의 근원적인 문제점을 밝힘으로써 앞으로의 능력별 집단편성의 쟁점에 대한 좀 더 신중하고 종합적이고 안목으로 고려될 수 있는 계기를 마련해줄 수 있는 것은 의의 있는 일이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 능력별 집단편성과 학생의 학업성취도, 능력별 집단편성과 학생의 자아개념, 능력별 집단편성과 학생의 학습기회, 능력별 집단편성과 교사의 기대, 능력별 집단편성과 교수(teaching) 선호도, 능력별 집단편성과 학급의 실제의 측면으로 분석비판하였다.
Abstract
Due to the influence of Neo-liberalism, ability grouping is gaining an increasing role as a changing force within the Korean education system. Currently, ability grouping is carried out as the differentiated curriculum of the 7th curriculum, but there is a growing movement for its expanded application by ending high school equalization policy and applying it on the level of individual schools. But according to the result of many of empirical research, ability grouping has a lot of problems and unequality factors. Therefore, at this point in time of ability grouping expansion, it is very important to reveal the problems and unequality factors of ability grouping on the basis of empirical research, in order to have an opportunity to consider the issues of ability grouping more carefully and comprehensively. So, this paper analysed and criticized ability grouping from the perspectives of (1) ability grouping and students' academic achievement, (2) ability grouping and students' self-concepts, (3) ability grouping and students' studying opportunity, (4) ability grouping and teachers' expectation, (5) ability grouping and teaching preferences, (6) ability grouping and practice of classroom.
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