학교의 질서와 학생의 참여 ― Basil Bernstein의 방법론에 대한 이론적 고찰 ―
School’s culture and students' engagement: A theoretical investigation on Basil Bernstein's typology
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참고문헌
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초록
최근 학생들이 학교생활과 교실 수업에 적극적으로 참여하지 않거나 수업시간에 자는 등, 소외되거나 저항하는 현상이 늘어나고 있다. 이러한 현상은 단순히 개인적 측면의 심리학적 문제라기보다는 규범적 측면에서의 사회학적 문제로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 현실적 문제에 직면하여, 교육사회학 연구자들의 이론적 개입과 실천적 기여가 필요한 상황에 놓여있다. 이 노력의 일환으로, 본 연구는 Basil Bernstein의 방법론을 중심으로 학생 참여유형을 파악할 수 있는 분석틀에 대해 이론적으로 고찰해 보았다. 본고의 목적은 첫째, Bernstein의 학생 참여유형 분석틀에 대한 기본적 이해를 제공하고, 둘째 한국적 맥락에서 이의 유용성과 한계에 대해 논의한 후, 셋째 향후 경험적 연구의 기초를 다지기 위한 방법론상 쟁점에 대해 검토하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 첫째, 학교의 도구적 질서와 표현적 질서에 대한 동의 정도에 따른 학생 참여유형의 특징을 정리하고 둘째, 이 분석틀을 발전시킨 경험적 연구 사례에 대해 살펴 본 후, 셋째, 그 적용가능성과 시사점을 한국의 맥락에서 논의해보았다.
Abstract
In the face of students' growing alienation, resistance, and disengagement in school life and class, the paper aims to contribute the literature on the relationship between pedagogy and students engagement. After noting the failure of many educational literature addressing this issue only in terms of individual and psychological lens, this paper, instead, provokes educational researchers to deal with such problems through the sociological research questions. In an effort to do this, the paper explores the applicability of Basil Bernstein's analytical framework to the phenomena of alienation and resistance in many South Korean classrooms. For this, first, the paper provides the basic understanding of Bernstein's elusive but profound theoretical framework of students engagement. Second, its thematic focus is on the usefulness and limits when this framework comes to South Korean school contexts. Third, the possible methodological issues are discussed, projecting them to the future subsequent empirical research. In the process, the paper reviews core concepts of the typology, focusing on to what extent students accept the instrumental and expressive orders of their schools and classes. Then, two research cases are presented to show the way in which Bernstein's theory have empirical validity. Finally, authors discuss on the applicability of the code theory in South Korean contexts.
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