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조선 왕조 건국 전후 태국과의 교류에 대한 역사적 고찰

A Historical Survey of the Intercourse between Korea and Thailand before and after the Founding of the Joseon Dynasty

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초록

이 논문의 주제인 14세기 말 조선 왕조 건국 전후 한국과 태국간 교류에 대해 동아시아 역사를 연구하는 학자들은 그다지 관심을 보이지 않았다. 일본과 한국의 몇몇 학자들에 의한 소수의 연구는 한국과 태국간 교류를 일본과 동남아시아간 관계의 주변부에서 다루고 있거나 사료에 대한 문헌학적 고증과 비판적 분석 없이 사료의 해당 기록의 내용을 단순히 소개하는 수준에서 크게 벗어나지 않는다. 이 연구는 한국과 태국간 접촉이 외교적 관계로까지 발전하지 않은 것으로 해석한다. 그에 따라 한국에 온 태국의 ‘使臣’들이 아유타야 왕국을 기반으로 활동하는 私貿易 상인, 특히 華商이었을 것이라고 간주하며, 조선 정부가 태국에 파견한 사신 일행이 태국 국왕을 알현하지 못했을 것이라고 본다. 한국과 태국간 교류가 14세기 말에 중단된 원인으로는 다음의 두 가지를 중시한다. 첫째 남중국해에서 한반도로 오는 해상 루트에서의 倭寇의 위협, 둘째 해외 무역에 대한 조선 정부의 소극적인 자세이다.

Abstract

This paper will survey early intercourse between Korea and Thailand at the end of the fourteenth century which has attracted little interest among scholars of East Asian history. A few studies on the subject by Japanese and Korean historians are either dealing with the intercourse merely in the periphery of the relations between Japan and Southeast Asia, or do not go beyond partly introducing the relevant records of historical sources. It is needed to view it in its own light, and the attempt will be made to subject the relevant records to a philological analysis. This study does not interpret contacts between Korea and Thailand as having developed into a diplomatic relation. Rather, it checks the possibility of the "envoys" who came to Korea having been not the diplomatic delegates dispatched by the Thai court but private merchants, especially the Ayutthaya-based Chinese merchants who passed themselves as such, and the possibility of the party of envoys sent to Thailand by the Korean government having not been given audience by the Thai court. Two reasons are suggested to explain why the contacts did not develop into a long-lasting commercial or diplomatic relation: The danger of the Japanese pirates on the sea route from the Nanyang to Korea and the negative attitude of the Joseon government toward the overseas trade.

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