고려초기 구료제도의 형성 ―광종대와 성종대를 중심으로

Abstract

This article explores the setup and development of the relief system of Koryo(高麗, A.D. 918～1392) Dynasty, especially in the reign of King KwangJong(光宗, A.D. 949～960) and SeongJong(成宗, A.D. 981～997). I'm intended to look into the way of formation and the social function of the medical system in accordance with the ruling structure of Koryo. The new relief policy was needed due to the beginning of the code of auditing the serfs in 956 and the code of land reform in 976. And medicine was also became the useful means of the relief policy at that time. King KwangJong started to operating the exam for the medical officer, and it was a good results of the public medical education in the early days of Koryo. And there was the medical bureau SangUiWon(尙醫院) which hasn't been known to us. It was not only the successor of medical bureau of Shilla(新羅) but also a new organization of Koryo. On the other hand JeWeeBo(濟危寶) which was a charitable institution of the government became the hospital for the poor people nearby the capital. King KwangJong took advantage of JeWeeBo(濟危寶) for showing off his authority. Under the reign of King SeongJong medical system had been developed. First of all TaeUiGam(太醫監) and SangYakGuk(尙藥局) were differentiated from SangUiWon. Besides the number of medical officer was increased and the treatment for the higher officers was guaranteed by the law. King SeongJong encouraged the medical education with sending the medical instructors to the 12 local governments. On the other hand UiChang(義倉) which was also charitable institution of the government as well as JeWeeBo was spreaded throughout the country. Therefore, it can be said that the medical system of Koryo was the important part of relief policy which had been developed toward to covering the every class of the society.