陸隴其 학설의 유입과 조선 학계의 반응

Abstract

Lu Longqi (1630~1692), a neo-Confucian scholar of late Ming and early Qing, considered the recovery of neo-Confucian values as a way to stabilize the livelihoods of the people and the society and focused on recovering the truthfulness of the neo-Confucianism through close study of scriptures. The academic circles of Joseon focused on and accepted Lu Longqi's take on Neo-Confucianism, and thereby Joseon academic circles' recognition of Lu Longqi's neo-Confucianism can be a clue to understand the influence of Neo-Confucianism of late Ming and early Qing upon the academic circles of late Joseon. In relation to Qing's policy of promoting neo-Confucianism, the literati of Joseon focused on and positively accepted the canonization in Confucian shrine and his empirical research outcomes. The purpose of Lu Longqi's research, which is to establish the authenticity of neo-Confucianism and exclude heresy, must be attractive to Joseon's academic circles in which the research on neo-Confucianism was becoming intense. This can be confirmed through the case where Joseon's academic circles positively accepted Lu Longqi's theory, which contradicted heresies including Yangming Doctrines and defended neo-Confucianism, particularly Lu Longqi's defense of 『Commentary on Great Learning』 by Chutzu, which won favorable criticisms from the literati of Joseon. Meanwhile, the intellectuals of Joseon criticized Lu Longqi's diverging view against the essential meaning in the 『Collected Commentaries』 of Chutzu by the reason that he failed to select relevant theories correctly and that he was unclear in interpreting the scripture that he rather missed the essential meaning in it to increase confusion among scholars and even gave an excuse for scholars of the Yangming School to criticize neo-Confucianism. This indicates that Joseon academic circles' acceptance of Lu Longqi's theory only went so far as supplementing the essential meaning of the neo-Confucianism. This seems to be the limit of Joseon academic circles in accepting Lu Longqi's theory.