『混一疆理歷代國都之圖』의 山嶽 표기에 나타난 諸認識

Abstract

This study analyzes the naming, criteria for selection as a recording subject and meaning of mountains written at the Rykoku copy of the Kangnido(『混一疆理歷代國都之圖』). I could find that the inscription of mountains played a significant role recognizing the foundation of Joseon Dynasty and its territory. It was thought that map-making was related to the justification of one state because it was made right after Joseon Dynasty was established. We can make sure these through the inscription of Jiri-san(mountain), which was described as an independent mountain by differentiating from other mountains. The reason was that Jiri-san was a mountain related with the foundation of Joseon and a place to justify the political purpose. We can find it once again in other documents that Seokwang-Temple had given a hint that Lee Seongye would become a king. As a result, the position of Samgak-san was changed largely with the transfer of the capital “Hanyang” and the position of Songak-san which had been a main mountain of Koryeo Dynasty was changed not to be written any more. It was like an announcement that Joseon was established as a country by grandly moving away from the former dynasty, Koryeo. We could also notice the map-makers' concern regarding the territory of Joseon through the method of inscribing the chain of mountains limited only to Joseon. We could find the facts that Joseon intended to include the territory to the vicinity of Baikdu-san where the state had not actually ruled, which could be considered as the state's recognition of Baikdu-san. On the other hand, many mountains inscribed in the Kangnido was managed to and related with the foundation of the state. Samgak-san, Jiri-san, Gyeoryong-san and Chiak-san were included as ritual subjects among 20 mountains. Moreover, there were 9 mountains if it included Yongho-san and Hwahak-san in Kyeoggi-do, Uyeolchul-san in Jeonra-do, Hanra-san and until Gilsang-san where local officers serviced sacrificial rites. While prohibiting the rituals of Buddhism and Taoism persisted through Koryeo dynasty, Joseon dynasty intended to enforce Confucian rituals. Therefore this map inscribed many mountains where came to be included as Confucian ritual subjects. Mountains that were not included were related with the faith of Tan-Gun or locations of shrine for folk belief. Or they were related with the Buddhist-strong color and the theory of divination based on topography. These diverse rituals of early Joseon Dynasty indicate that many rituals were mixed at that time. Thus, we can find that the inscription of mountain in the Kangnido intended to serve both an ideological and practical goals for the recognition of the newly established state and could be understood as a settling process of Confucianism in Joseon Dynasty.