“살을 베어가라, 그러나 단 한 방울의 피도 흘려서는 안 된다”: 1839년 오하이오 주(州)도망노예법 폐지운동
“Take Your Pound of Flesh, but Not One Drop of Blood”: The Repeal Movement of the Ohio Fugitive Slave Law of 1839
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The adoption by the 37th General Assembly of Ohio of “ultra anti-abolition” measures, including the Fugitive Slave Law of 1839, represented the emergence of full-scale political anti-abolitionism in Ohio. Especially, the state Fugitive Slave Law was the most alarming and menacing anti-abolitionist measure in that it set up a comprehensive system of suppression of Ohio abolitionists and provided extensive protection to the slaveowners’ right to reclaim fugitive slaves in Ohio with the assistance of state law enforcement. By making all state judges and police officers into slavecatchers and by precluding completely abolitionists from aiding or rescuing runaway slaves, the 1839 Fugitive Slave Law whipped antislavery advocates into intense agitation for its repeal in the early 1840s. The Ohio Fugitive Slave Law remained in force only four years. While the oppressive Fugitive Slave Law might please slaveholders in other states and facilitate the process of recapture and rendition of fugitive slaves in Ohio, it did not produce its desired effect, ultimately. Rather, it infuriated Ohioans in general, and abolitionists in particular, as a symbol of the full-scale invasion of the Slave Power to undermine Ohio’s republican ideals and heritage of freedom. As a result, the enforcement of the state Fugitive Slave Law encountered the determined and fierce resistance of Ohio antislavery forces. Consequently, the passage of the 1830 Fugitive Slave Law backfired, because it did not put a damper on the abolitionists’ eagerness to assist fugitive slaves but rather it awakened their sense of duty to destroy the system of slavery itself. In short, Ohio abolitionists’ repeal movement in the early 1840s worked as a major source of radicalization of antislavery politics in Ohio. It laid the foundation for the radical political abolitionism sticking to high-minded egalitarianism and personal liberty without compromise and accommodation long before the passage of the federal Fugitive Slave law of 1850.
Abstract
The adoption by the 37th General Assembly of Ohio of “ultra anti-abolition” measures, including the Fugitive Slave Law of 1839, represented the emergence of full-scale political anti-abolitionism in Ohio. Especially, the state Fugitive Slave Law was the most alarming and menacing anti-abolitionist measure in that it set up a comprehensive system of suppression of Ohio abolitionists and provided extensive protection to the slaveowners’ right to reclaim fugitive slaves in Ohio with the assistance of state law enforcement. By making all state judges and police officers into slavecatchers and by precluding completely abolitionists from aiding or rescuing runaway slaves, the 1839 Fugitive Slave Law whipped antislavery advocates into intense agitation for its repeal in the early 1840s. The Ohio Fugitive Slave Law remained in force only four years. While the oppressive Fugitive Slave Law might please slaveholders in other states and facilitate the process of recapture and rendition of fugitive slaves in Ohio, it did not produce its desired effect, ultimately. Rather, it infuriated Ohioans in general, and abolitionists in particular, as a symbol of the full-scale invasion of the Slave Power to undermine Ohio’s republican ideals and heritage of freedom. As a result, the enforcement of the state Fugitive Slave Law encountered the determined and fierce resistance of Ohio antislavery forces. Consequently, the passage of the 1830 Fugitive Slave Law backfired, because it did not put a damper on the abolitionists’ eagerness to assist fugitive slaves but rather it awakened their sense of duty to destroy the system of slavery itself. In short, Ohio abolitionists’ repeal movement in the early 1840s worked as a major source of radicalization of antislavery politics in Ohio. It laid the foundation for the radical political abolitionism sticking to high-minded egalitarianism and personal liberty without compromise and accommodation long before the passage of the federal Fugitive Slave law of 1850.
참고문헌 (36)
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