트럼프 행정부 전후 공화당 의원들의 투표 행태 변화
Changes in Republican factional relations before and after Trump’s election
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2016년 의원 및 주지사 경력이 전혀 없을 뿐 아니라, 공화당원으로 이력도 길지 않았던 도널드 트럼프 후보가 미국 대통령으로 선출되었다. 그리고 아웃사이더 대통령의 탄생은 공화당 의원들의 이합집산에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 본 논문에서는 트럼프 대통령 등장 전후의 공화당 내부 계파 및 당원들의 정치 관계가 어떻게 변화하였으며, 이러한 변화가 미국 정치, 특히 공화당 내의 투표 행태에 어떠한 의미를 띠는지 살펴보았다. 당내 지지 기반이 강하지 않았던 트럼프 대통령은 오랜 기간 비주류였던 극우 색채의 프리덤 코커스 소속 의원들을 포섭하여 협력 관계를 맺었으며, 이는 공화당의 우경화를 불러와 2010년대 이후 공화당 주류로 편입되기 시작한 중도 성향의 메인 스트리트 파트너십 의원들이 주류 투표 연합에서 이탈하는 결과를 불러왔다. 이 과정에서 공화당 내 분열 양상은 과거와 다른 모습을 띠기 시작하였다.
Abstract
In 2016, Donald Trump, who had no experience as a lawmaker or governor and a short Republican background, was elected as the president of the United States. The birth of the outsider Republican president had a significant impact on the political relations among Republican lawmakers. This paper examines how the political interactions of factions in the Republican Party have changed before and after Trump's election, and explains how this change means to American politics. President Trump, whose political base in the Republican Party was not solid, formed a partnership with far-right House Freedom Caucus lawmakers, who were non-mainstream members of the party. This has led to the Republican Party's rightward shift and the Republican Main Street Partnership, which began to be incorporated into the mainstream of the Republican Party in the 2010s, left the mainstream. In the process, internal conflicts within the Republican Party began to change from the past.
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