海月崔時亨的世界認識與自任意識
The Role of Choe Si-hyeong and His Recognition of the World in the Eastern Learning Movement
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本論文的目的是探討東學第二教主海月崔時亨的“世界認識”與“自任意識”｡如果說水雲崔濟愚是創導東學的第一教主,也是主張“天主(한울 hanul)的時代到來”的東學宣揚者;那麼海月則是解釋並實踐水雲思想的活動者｡海月將水雲倡導的宗教運動擴展爲社會運動,並重新解釋“靈符呪文”與“守心正氣”的概念｡他還認爲包括人類在內的天地萬物都處於互相鬥爭、互相爭奪的狀態,世界也處於不安的狀態下｡海月認爲這是因爲不了解所有宇宙存有是天道的表現,即不了解天主本身的表現而引起的｡海月的思想是通過修道,體會個體本質和宇宙生命的合一,他還希望將所有宇宙存在變成受崇敬的對象｡海月的“敬物”思想之所以至今還有頗大的意義,也許是因爲海月診斷出的由爭奪引起的不安世界還沒結束｡
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of Choe Si-hyeong who is the second leader of the Eastern Learning and his recognition of the world. The Eastern Learning was established by the first leader Choe Je-u and further developed by Choe Si-hyeong. We could call Choe Si-hyeong a labor agitator and religious reformer from a present viewpoint. He diagnosed the 19th century as a world of insecurity which needed a new prescription: the teachings of the Eastern Learning. One of the teachings is serving the Lord of Heaven that is present in all existence in the universe, including inanimated matter which contained numinous spiritual qualities bestowed from on high. Therefore, human-beings have to be respectful to every existence. In order to maintain this attitude, we should first be aware that all things in the universe express the Lord of Heaven. Second, we must control our mind and reveal morality which is not heteronomous but autonomous. Finally, we should ventilate our spirit to the fullest. Choe Si-hyeong’s indomitable will spread the spirit of the Eastern Learning until the end of his life.
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