영어 학습자들의 회복탄력성, 영어 학습 동기 및 탈동기: 혼합연구법을 중심으로
English Learning Resilience, Motivation, and Demotivation of Korean Students: A Mixed Method Approach
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본 연구는 우리나라 초·중·고등학생들에게 나타나는 회복탄력성, 영어 학습 동기 및 탈동기의 양상을 탐색하고 학교급별 차이를 고찰한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 순차적 혼합연구법이 사용되었다. 먼저 질적 연구에서는 초·중·고등학생 23명을 대상으로 개별면담을 시행하였고, 이후 1,265부의 설문지를 수집하였다. 설문자료를 토대로 빈도분석, 하위구인의 신뢰도 분석 및 학교급별 평균과 표준편차를 비교하였다. 연구 결과 회복탄력성은 통제성, 긍정성, 사회성의 하위구인으로 구성되었고, 초·중학생의 경우 긍정성과 사회성이 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 영어 학습 동기의 하위 구인은 도구성(장려), 필연적 자아, 이상적 자아, 가족의 영향, 도구성(방어), 동기화된 행동으로 분석되었다. 초등학생과 중학생에게서 도구성(장려)과 이상적 자아가 높게 나타났으나, 고등학생에게서 도구성(방어)이 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 영어 학습 탈동기의 하위구인은 학습강제성과 어려움, 영어사용집단에 대한 부정적 태도, 부적절한 학습 환경과 학습 집단, 교수자와 교재의 부정적 영향, 영어 학습에 대한 자신감 부족으로 구성되었다. 초등학생에게서는 영어 학습에 대한 자신감 부족, 중학생에게서는 강제성, 고등학생에게서는 교수자와 교재의 부정적 영향이 주된 탈동기 요인으로 밝혀졌다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the sub-factors constituting resilience, motivation, and demotivation in English learning and to find differences among elementary, junior high, and high school students in Korea. A sequential mixed research method was adopted by implementing both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The interview data were analyzed by open, axial, and selected codings after verbatim translation. Based on the analysis of interviews, we modified the questionnaires for a quantitative approach. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 1,508 students and analyzed by using frequency analysis, reliability analysis of sub-factors constituting resilience, motivation, and demotivation. Resilience was composed of three sub- actors: controllability, positiveness, and sociability. The elementary and junior high school students had high positiveness and sociability, and high school ones had a high level of sociability. The sub-factors of English learning motivation consisted of instrumentality (promotion), ought-to self, ideal self, family influence, instrumentality (prevention), and motivated behavior. Elementary and junior high school students showed a higher level of instrumentality (promotion) and ideal self vis-a-vis high school students. The sub-factors of L2 learning demotivation consisted of the compulsory nature of English learning and difficulty, negative attitude toward English speakers, inappropriate learning environment and learning group, negative perception of instructors and textbooks, and lack of confidence in English learning. For elementary school students, lack of self-confidence in English learning and negative perception of instructors and textbooks were major demotivating factors. For junior high school students, the compulsory nature of English learning was the major demotivational factor, whereas high school students were influenced by negative perceptions of instructors and textbooks.
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