A Contemporary Assessment of the “Four-Seven Debate”: A Comparative Study of the Moral Psychology of Yi Hwang and Ki Dae-seung
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This paper provides a comparative study of the moral psychology of Yi Hwang 李滉 (Toegye 退溪, 1501-1570) and Ki Dae-seung 奇大升 (Gobong 高峰, 1527-1572) in the context of contemporary psychological analysis of the nature and root of human evil. It is an attempt to re-situate the age-old debate on the moral attributes of human emotions as well as moral sentiments in the contemporary moral discourse. Even though the two Korean Neo-Confucians were not engaged in psychological analysis themselves, and their debate was not meant to proffer working solutions to the reality of human evil, we can nevertheless gain new insights into their earnest debate by looking at it from our contemporary perspective. This contemporary hermeneutic analysis also highlights the different orientations and concerns between traditional and contemporary moral discourses: the former are more individual and inward-looking, paying greater attention to moral purity in the mind; and the latter are more social and outward-looking, focusing on one’s conduct and its consequences.
Abstract
This paper provides a comparative study of the moral psychology of Yi Hwang 李滉 (Toegye 退溪, 1501-1570) and Ki Dae-seung 奇大升 (Gobong 高峰, 1527-1572) in the context of contemporary psychological analysis of the nature and root of human evil. It is an attempt to re-situate the age-old debate on the moral attributes of human emotions as well as moral sentiments in the contemporary moral discourse. Even though the two Korean Neo-Confucians were not engaged in psychological analysis themselves, and their debate was not meant to proffer working solutions to the reality of human evil, we can nevertheless gain new insights into their earnest debate by looking at it from our contemporary perspective. This contemporary hermeneutic analysis also highlights the different orientations and concerns between traditional and contemporary moral discourses: the former are more individual and inward-looking, paying greater attention to moral purity in the mind; and the latter are more social and outward-looking, focusing on one’s conduct and its consequences.
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