서울 문묘입지의 풍수적 특징 분석

Abstract

To study Fengshui of Joseon Dynasity, It is very important to research spatial composition of the Seoul Confucian shrine(文廟) and SungkyunKwan(成均館). Including the 『Annals of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)』, many of old literatures only contain little information of making us known how people in Joseon Dynasty choosed site for Confucian shrine. So, in this study, feature of Fengshui for the Confucian shrine in Seoul will be dealt, by means of field survey, with the view of 『the Five factors(地理五訣)』 of Fengshui. As the Confucianism was placed high value by Joseon Dynasty, Seoul Confucian shrine which was a place for teaching Confucianism was considered to make sure its location. It is reliable that the important building of a nation must be considered not just Feng shui but also rational logic and situation. The epitaph of the Seoul Confucian shrine written by Byeon Gae-ryang(卞季良, 1369-1430) shows good reason and logic for it. A record of Fengshui book shows following; 'As a back mountain, Mt. Eung-bong(鷹峰) which has a huge and gorgeous shape, Moo-gock(武曲, the 6th star of the Big Dipper) and Keum-sung-che(金星體, a round shaped mountain) is a Gwan-sung(官星, a star that control government office). So it takes smart, distinct, loyal, and orderly.' This idea is precisely accord to the establishment intent of SungkyunKwan(成均館) in Seoul Confucian shrine boundary which played a role of instructing the people in Joseon Dynasty. As the ultimate aim of Fengshui, to find Hyeol-cheo(穴處, a concentrated point of energy on the ground) is just under the Myeong-ryun-dang of SungkyunKwan, which means there was unacademic activity to cultivate talented personnel. And the building, Dae-sung-jeon(大成殿) that contains ancestral tablet for Confucius has been located central area, which means the Seoul Confucian shrine was the most critical factor for rule at that time. It contains all topographic factors along the axis from back to front mountain surround the Hyeol-cheo. Water runs following the axis of abscissas and surrounds the Hyeol-cheo. The water way of Seoul Confucian shrine is Kum-sung water(金星水) type that is the most ideal type, and it has sufficient shape for energetic space with balance of yin and yang. This shows that the Confucianists regarded Seoul Confucian shrine as an divine area and institute many Fengshui factors. However, it looks that the Ho-Sun-Sin`s(胡舜申) Ji-Ri-Sin-Beob(地理新法) was not applied to Seoul Confucian shrine. According to the result of study on Fengshui of SungkyunKwan and Seoul Confucian shrine, Seoul Confucian shrine has been applied with Fengshui for its site selection and architectural space composition. Therefore, Fengshui was a method to make the most rational space harmonizing with nature at the era and it affected confucianism.