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조기은퇴의 원인으로서 연금제도 관대성과 고령화

The Causes of Early Retirement: Social Security Generosity or Population Aging

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

지난 30-40년간 OECD 중심으로 나타난 조기은퇴현상을 분석한 대부분 연구들 은 연금제도의 관대성이 주요 원인인 것으로 파악하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 기 초로 각 국가들은 조기은퇴억제를 위한 연금개혁을 시도하였고 이로 인해 90년대 이후 중·고령자 노동시장참여율이 안정적으로 유지되었다고 인식하고 있다. 그 러나 본 논문에서는 조기은퇴의 원인을 연금제도의 관대성이라는 제도적 요인과 급속한 고령화라는 환경적 요인의 두 가지로 구분할 필요가 있음을 강조하였다. 즉, OECD 국가의 1969-2005년간의 패널자료를 이용하여 중·고령자 노동시장 참여를 결정하는 요인으로서 노동수요와 노동공급 그리고 연금정책변화라는 세 가지 요인에 주목함으로써 고령화와 연금정책변화가 미치는 효과를 거시 경제적 으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 연금제도의 관대성에 의한 사회보장자산 증가로부터 의 조기은퇴 경향 심화는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났고 대신 인구구조 고령화에 의 한 노동시장여건이 조기은퇴경향을 더 심화시켰다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Abstract

Responding to the acceleration of early retirement tendency and the fall of the labor force participation rate, most OECD countries have introduced various policy measures of reducing the generosity of social security system. This paper focuses on the difference between institutional factor like the generosity of the pension policy and environment factor like rapid population aging. Then this paper attempts to analyze the macroeconomic effects of the changes of pension policy and aging on the entire economy using the 1969-2005 OECD data. The result is consistent with the previous microeconomic researches indicating relatively weak effects of the changes of pension policy and relatively strong effects of the population aging.

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