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다중구조변화와 상호의존성을 고려한 아시아경제 확률수렴성 연구: 패널정상성과 패널공적분을 이용하여

Analysis of the Convergence Hypothesis in Asian Developing Countries Using a Panel Stationarity and Cointegration Test

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키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 1960년부터 2007년까지 미국과의 소득격차로 설정된 아시아 국가들의추격률이 장기적 균제상태수준에 확률적으로 수렴하고 있는가, 또한 동 기간 동안 아시아 국가들의 전환경제성장률이 미국의 성장률 수준으로 확률적으로 수렴하고 있는가를 각각 Carrion-i-Silvestre et al.(2005)의 패널정상성검정방법과Benerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre(2006)과 Westerlund and Edgerton(2007)의패널공적분 검정방법 등으로 분석하였다. 본 검정방법들은 다중의 내생적 구조변화를 허용하고 횡단면 주체간 의존성을 고려할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 분석결과외환위기를 겪지 않았던 방글라데시, 홍콩, 인도, 파키스탄, 싱가포르 등에서도1997년의 외환위기 전후로 의미있는 구조변화들이 발생하여 외환위기가 아시아개발도상국들에게 공통적으로 영향을 주었던 외부충격이었음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 각 국가들이 전 세계적으로나 지역적으로 발생하는 사건들의 충격에 영향을받고 있는 것으로 나타나 패널정상성 검정시 횡단면 상호의존성을 고려한 본 연구의 분석결과를 뒷받침하였다. 횡단면 주체 간 상호의존성과 구조변화를 허용하고 장기분산의 동질성뿐만 아니라 이질성을 고려한 패널정상성 검정에서 추격률에 대한 패널정상성 귀무가설을 기각하지 못하였으며 또한 전환성장률과 추격률사이에 대한 패널공적분 분석에서 공적분관계가 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 아시아 국가들은 그들 경제에 가해진 충격들을 흡수하면서 자국 경제를 지속적으로 확장시키면서 선도국가로의 소득수준 수렴뿐만 아니라 성장률 수준으로도 수렴하고 있음을 발견하였다.

Abstract

This research applies an panel data stationarity and stochastic convergence test developed by carrion-i-Silvestre et al.(2005), which has the advantage of considering multiple structural breaks and the presence of cross-section dependence in order to re-investigate the hypothesis that catch-up rates(the ratio of the country’s level of per capita GDP to USA per capita GDP)stochastically converge for 13 Asian countries from 1960-2007. Panel unit root test without breaks suggests that catch-up rates contain a unit root. However,The evidence indicates that the panel data set of catch-up rates is stationary after the structural breaks and cross-section dependence are introduced into the model. Due to stationarity indicating that the impact of reduction in catch-up rates or the reconditioning policy is temporary, the series will revert to the leading country in the long term. We find that structural breaks in the 1970s and 1990s are associated with time periods of oil shocks and Asian foreign exchange crisis, respectively. The break dates are reported such that four structural breaks are significant in three countries - Indonesia, Korea,and Malaysia, while only one structural break is significant in two countries -China and Sri Lanka. We also investigate whether the growth rates of 13 Asian countries stochastically converged around the growth rate of the United States during the period 1960-2007. Using the panel cointegration tests of Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006) and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007), we find evidence for convergence. Our tests allow for multiple structural breaks and cross-section dependence. Doing so is important for our tests because common shocks from global events impacted most of the countries, giving rise to cross-sectional dependence and structural breaks.

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