근로시간 단축이 근로자의 생활과 근로환경에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Working Hour Reduction on Workers’ Lifestyle and Working Conditions
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초록
본 논문에서는 법정근로시간 단축이 사업체 규모별로 다른 시점에 적용되어 실근로시간이 ‘외생적으로’ 감소하는 자연실험적 상황이 발생했다는 점을 이용하여 이중차감 도구변수(DD-IV) 추정법으로 근로시간 단축이 근로자의 생활과 근로환경에 미치는 인과적 효과를 분석하였다. 개별 근로자의 근로시간과 생활 및 근로환경 관련 지표들을 동시에 관측할 수 있는 한국근로환경조사(KWCS) 자료를 활용하여 분석한 결과, 근로시간 단축으로 인해 근로자의 일과 삶의 부합도와 근로환경 만족도 지표는 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 휴식자율성 지표는 악화되며흡연 및 음주여부, 작업속도 지표는 유의미한 영향을 받지 않은 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
I estimate the causal effect of working hour reduction on the workers’ lifestyle and working conditions. I exploit a natural experiment arising from the transition to the 40-hour workweek system in Korea. The 40-hour workweek system had gradually been adopted over the years at different times by establishment size. Using difference in difference instrumental variable (DD-IV) estimation method and Korean Working Conditions Survey(KWCS) data, I find that a reduction in working hours significantly improves the workers’ work-life balance and satisfaction with working condition, while it worsens rest-autonomy. I also find that smoking, drinking and working speed are not significantly affected.
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