조정산 도주 일가의 만주행록에 관한 재고찰

Abstract

In 2007, according to the records, I made an on-the-spot survey of the place where Doju Cho Jeongsan and his family might have lived in exile in Manchuria and released a paper in which I decided that the site could be the Shuidongchun (village) of Luotongshanzhen in Liuhexian, Jilin Province. Thereafter, sponsored by the Doju Cho Jeongsan’s Memorial Project from 2008 to 2013, many times, I carried out the field investigations and researches on Liuhexian, including the visits of the institutions which have the historical documents, in order to find the data related to the participation of him and his family in the anti-Japanese movement. I was, hence, able to reconfirm that the village had been the place of their exile, based on my collected data and the oral reports which the local historians and ethnic Korean elders had provided. In this study, using the historical documents and maps and the oral materials, I made an attempt to prove the historical truth thoroughly once again. First, the existing sources of Doju Cho and his family’s settling in Manchuria from March 1909 to 1917, were carefully analyzed which were described in The Jin-gyeong. In doing so, the misspelling of the names and the spatio-temporal errors of the people’s activities were corrected. Next, I researched on another town, Shuitungou of Liuhexian in Fengtian Province (in West Gando of Manchuria), which it is known that Doju and his family stayed in, and the Laogushan (mountain), which it is believed that Doju cultivated himself in. Finally, through the attempt, I reached the conclusion that Doju and his family had settled at Shuidongchun (once called Shuidonggou or Shuitongchun) of Luotongshanzhen (once called Datonggou) in Liuhexian, Jilin Province. In the Liuhexian-related documents and maps published in the eras of Republican China and Manchuria, the place name called Shuitungou was not found. However, I discovered a map in the era of Republican China on which Shuitongchun was recorded as Shuidonggou. In addition, considering the administration system of Republic China, tun(屯) and gou(溝) could not be used together in the place names. Accordingly, Shuitungou was more likely misspelled as Korean people in those days mispronounced Shuidonggou. Furthermore, people in China has habitually called the Dagushan(大孤山), located in the north of Gushanzizhen of Liuhexian, as the Laogushan(老孤山). This means that the Korean people who lived in the area then perhaps recorded the mountain as the Nogosan(老姑山), the mountain of the old goddess, according to Korean enunciation, because they had the custom of worshipping the mountain goddess. I tried my best to find the historical documents regarding Doju and his family’s anti-Japanese activities to prove the location of exile in which they settled in northeastern China (Manchuria). However, I was not able to reach the initial goal completely due to the shortage of objective evidences, only to leave tasks to be solved. I hope that this study can give a little help to researchers who are interested in this matter.