다문화주의 정책은 이주민의 사회통합을 돕는가? 이주배경 청소년의 교육적 통합 양상 재검토
Does multiculturalism work? The effect of immigrant integration policies on immigrant youth’s academic performance
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이 연구는 이주민통합에 대한 각국의 제도환경이 이주배경 청소년의 교육적 통합과 어떻게 관련되어 있는지 살펴봄으로써 정책효과를 유추해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 ‘이주민통합정책 지표’(MIPEX)의 2010년 자료와 ‘수학·과학 성취도 추이변화 국제비교 연구’(TIMSS)의 2015년 자료를 연결하여 29개국 147,590명 학생에 대한 분석을 진행하였다. 분석을 위한 이론적 틀로는 Ruud Koopmans의 이차원 모델을 확장하여 사용하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 이주민에 대한 시민적 권리의 평등한 배분을 강조하는 국가에서 이주배경 청소년과 비이주배경 청소년 간의 학업성취도 격차가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 문화적 다양성과 통합성 사이의 균형을 지향하는 국가에서 같은 양상이 포착되었다. 이주민에 대해 시민적 권리는 높은 수준으로 보장하고 문화적 권리는 적절한 수준으로 보호하는 ‘균형적 다문화주의’ 정책이 이주배경 청소년의 교육적 통합을 효과적으로 촉진하는 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
This study examines the effect of policy arrangements on immigrant youth’s integration into the education system. Expanding the bi-dimensional model of immigrant integration outlined by Ruud Koopmans, we hypothesize that the performance gap for immigrant youth is smaller in countries that have institutionalized stronger polities toward “balanced multiculturalism.” The Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 data, combined with the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) 2010, were used to examine this hypothesis. As a result, the academic performance of 147,590 fourth-grade students in 29 countries was analyzed. The findings appeared to support the hypothesis, suggesting that an egalitarian distribution of civic rights, if combined with a moderate endorsement of group-based cultual rights, may effectively facilitate immigrant integration.
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