『빨간 모자』와 성의 정치학 : 페로, 그림, 그리고 안젤라 카터
“Little Red Riding Hood” and the Sexual Politics :Perrault, Brothers Grimm, and Angela Carter
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This paper aims to compare “Little Red Riding Hood”(1697) by Charles Perrault with “Little Red Cap”(1812) by brothers Grimm, and to connect them to “Company of the Wolves” in Bloody Chamber(1979) by Angela Carter, a modern British woman writer who rewrote the “Little Red Riding Hood” from the sexual politics’ point of view. Bruno Bettelheim who adapted ego psychology focuses on developing children’s mature consciousness and civilizing their chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness such as Oedipus Complex boys’ desire of incest and parricide through reading fairy tales, and evaluates the Grimms’ version is better than Perrault’s one. The reason is that the former provides better means for children’s identification than the latter so that it can show a more elated self and proper gender roles in the rebirth of a little girl after death, and also the happy ending despite many problems. However, the proper gender role for girls is mainly based on sexual passivity, virginal chastity and female modesty, so called the ‘normal femininity’ of Sigmund Freud. Angela Carter who accepted Robert Darnton’s historical and contextual view emphasizes the importance of historical female subjectivity in rewriting the traditional fairy tales. She tries to escape from the binary gender dichotomy (female as a victim/ male as an oppressor) and underscores the real importance of sexuality in the formation of a girl’s ego in the respect of women’s subjectivity. Comparing Bettelheim’s ego formation view on “Little Red Riding Hood” and “Little Red Cap” with Carter’s sexual politics view presented “The Company of the Wolves”, will be an effort to combine the synchronic approach based on general grammar in fairy tales with the diachronic one based on historical and political reality of fairy tales, particularly from the perspectives on sex, gender, sexuality politics. Fairy tales cannot be a closed one, and should always be open to rewrite for the future generation.
Abstract
This paper aims to compare “Little Red Riding Hood”(1697) by Charles Perrault with “Little Red Cap”(1812) by brothers Grimm, and to connect them to “Company of the Wolves” in Bloody Chamber(1979) by Angela Carter, a modern British woman writer who rewrote the “Little Red Riding Hood” from the sexual politics’ point of view. Bruno Bettelheim who adapted ego psychology focuses on developing children’s mature consciousness and civilizing their chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness such as Oedipus Complex boys’ desire of incest and parricide through reading fairy tales, and evaluates the Grimms’ version is better than Perrault’s one. The reason is that the former provides better means for children’s identification than the latter so that it can show a more elated self and proper gender roles in the rebirth of a little girl after death, and also the happy ending despite many problems. However, the proper gender role for girls is mainly based on sexual passivity, virginal chastity and female modesty, so called the ‘normal femininity’ of Sigmund Freud. Angela Carter who accepted Robert Darnton’s historical and contextual view emphasizes the importance of historical female subjectivity in rewriting the traditional fairy tales. She tries to escape from the binary gender dichotomy (female as a victim/ male as an oppressor) and underscores the real importance of sexuality in the formation of a girl’s ego in the respect of women’s subjectivity. Comparing Bettelheim’s ego formation view on “Little Red Riding Hood” and “Little Red Cap” with Carter’s sexual politics view presented “The Company of the Wolves”, will be an effort to combine the synchronic approach based on general grammar in fairy tales with the diachronic one based on historical and political reality of fairy tales, particularly from the perspectives on sex, gender, sexuality politics. Fairy tales cannot be a closed one, and should always be open to rewrite for the future generation.
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