Politeness in Korean Sign Language from a cross-linguistic perspective
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Previous research has shown that sign languages share socio-cultural norms, such as 'politeness,' with spoken/written languages. For example, in Japanese Sign Language (JSL), a head nod and bending the upper body are exclusively observed in polite signing contexts, demonstrating that JSL shares politeness norms with Japanese (Yoon and Kim 2022). Similar to Japanese, Korean has a well-defined honorification to convey politeness (e.g., Brown et al. 2014), and we therefore assume that Korean Sign Language (KSL) may also have systematic strategies to mark politeness. We recruited a native KSL signer and sign language interpreter to compare nonmanual features between two different hierarchical orders (a superior versus a peer/subordinate), and across different contexts (apology vs. compliment). Our findings reveal that, similar to JSL, KSL shows nonmanual characteristics, such as squinted eyes, head nods, narrowed shoulders, and upper body bending, in polite settings. We interpret upper body bending as a feature that likely reflects language contact with spoken/written Korean, embodying Korean politeness culture. Moreover, our results suggest that a smaller signing space may not always indicate more politeness. Unlike previous findings, our study shows that a larger signing space is employed to mark more politeness in emphasizing lexical signs. Our study primarily attempts to investigate systematic relationships between nonmanual features, contexts, hierarchical orders, and politeness.
Abstract
Previous research has shown that sign languages share socio-cultural norms, such as 'politeness,' with spoken/written languages. For example, in Japanese Sign Language (JSL), a head nod and bending the upper body are exclusively observed in polite signing contexts, demonstrating that JSL shares politeness norms with Japanese (Yoon and Kim 2022). Similar to Japanese, Korean has a well-defined honorification to convey politeness (e.g., Brown et al. 2014), and we therefore assume that Korean Sign Language (KSL) may also have systematic strategies to mark politeness. We recruited a native KSL signer and sign language interpreter to compare nonmanual features between two different hierarchical orders (a superior versus a peer/subordinate), and across different contexts (apology vs. compliment). Our findings reveal that, similar to JSL, KSL shows nonmanual characteristics, such as squinted eyes, head nods, narrowed shoulders, and upper body bending, in polite settings. We interpret upper body bending as a feature that likely reflects language contact with spoken/written Korean, embodying Korean politeness culture. Moreover, our results suggest that a smaller signing space may not always indicate more politeness. Unlike previous findings, our study shows that a larger signing space is employed to mark more politeness in emphasizing lexical signs. Our study primarily attempts to investigate systematic relationships between nonmanual features, contexts, hierarchical orders, and politeness.
참고문헌 (36)
- Baker, Anne, "The linguistics of sign languages : An Introduction" (2016), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, "Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies", pp.123~154 (1989), Ablex
- Brentari, Diane, "A prosodic model of sign language phonology" (1998), The MIT Press
- Brentari, Diane, "Sign language phonology" (2019), Cambridge University Press
- Brown, Lucien, "The Routledge handbook of Korean as a second language", pp.51~67 (2022), Routledge
- Brown, Lucien, "Multimodal indexicality in Korean : "Doing deference"and"performing intimacy"through nonverbal behavior", Journal of Politeness Research, 15(1), pp.25~54 (2019)
- Brown, Lucien, "Phonetics and politeness : Perceiving Korean honorific and non-honorific speech through phonetic cues", Journal of Pragmatics, 66, pp.45~60 (2014)
- Brown, Penelope, "Politeness : Some universals in language usage" (1987), Cambridge University Press
- Campbell, Nick, "Speech and expression: The value of a longitudinal corpus", Proceedings of the fourth international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC’04), pp.183~186 (2004), European Language Resources Association (ELRA)
- Cho, Taehong, "Linguistic functions of prosody and its phonetic encoding with special reference to Korean", Japanese, 2022, pp.29, 1~24
- Choi, Jiyeon, "An apparent-time study of an ongoing sound change in Seoul Korean : A prosodic account", PloS One, 15(10), pp.e0240682~ (2020)
- Cohn, Jeffrey, "The handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment", pp.203~221 (2007), Oxford University Press
- Crasborn, Onno, "Phonetic implementation of phonological categories in Sign Language of the Netherlands", PhD, pp.2001
- Dachkovsky, Svetlana, "Visual intonation in the prosody of a sign language", Language and Speech, 52(2-3), pp.287~314 (2009)
- George, Johnny Earl, "Politeness in Japanese Sign Language(JSL) : Polite JSL expression as evidence for intermodal language contact influence", PhD, pp.2011
- Hough, Kenneth Charles, "Rising sun over America : Imagining a Japanese conquest of the United States, 1900-1945", PhD, pp.2014
- Idemaru, Kaori, "Cross-cultural multimodal politeness : The phonetics of Japanese deferential speech in comparison to Korean", Intercultural Pragmatics, 16(5), pp.517~555 (2019)
- Idemaru, Kaori, "Loudness trumps pitch in politeness judgments : Evidence from Korean deferential speech", Language and Speech, 63(1), pp.123~148 (2020)
- Johnston, Trevor, "Australian Sign Language(Auslan) : An introduction to sign language linguistics" (2007), Cambridge University Press
- Kang, Kyung-Ho, "Clear speech production of Korean stops : Changing phonetic targets and enhancement strategies", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(6), pp.3909~3917 (2008)
- Kim, Jong-Bok, "Korean honorification : A kind of expressive meaning", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 16(4), pp.303~336 (2007)
- "Language and Linguistics", 2020, 27~52
- Kusters, Annelies, "Emergence and evolutions : Introducing sign language sociolinguistics", Journal of Sociolinguistics, 26(1), pp.84~98 (2022)
- Mapson, Rachel, "Polite appearances : How non-manual features convey politeness in British Sign Language", Journal of Politeness Research, 10(2), pp.157~184 (2014)
- "Linguistic Study", 2011, 767~789
- Ohala, John Jerome, "An ethological perspective on common cross-language utilization of F₀of voice", Phonetica, 41(1), pp.1~16 (1984)
- Ohashi, Jun, "Balancing obligations : Bowing and linguistic features in thanking in Japanese", Journal of Politeness Research, 6(2), pp.183~214 (2010)
- Okamoto, Shigeko, "Situated politeness : Manipulating honorific and non-honorific expressions in Japanese conversations", Pragmatics, 9(1), pp.51~74 (1999)
- Park, Mae-Ran, "Conflict avoidance in social interaction : A sociolinguistic comparison of the Korean and Japanese honorific systems", Japanese, 1990, pp.1, 111~127
- Sandler, Wendy, "Sign language and linguistic universals" (2006), Cambridge University Press
- Sohn, Ho-min, "Korean language in culture and society" (2005), University of Hawaii Press
- Stokoe, William C., "Sign language structure: An outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf", Studies in Linguistics: Occasional Papers Buffalo: Department of Anthropology and Linguistics, 8, pp.3~37 (1960)
- Stokoe, William C., "Sign language structure", Annual Review of Anthropology, 9(1), pp.365~390 (1980)
- Tatham, Mark, "Speech production and perception" (2006), Palgrave Macmillan
- Winter, Bodo, "The phonetic profile of Korean formal and informal speech registers", Journal of Phonetics, 40(6), pp.808~815 (2012)
- Yoon, Byung-Cheon, (2022), Yangseowon