청대 전통극 극단의 임금 및 관리체계 변화 고찰 - 서태후 시기 북경극단을 중심으로

Abstract

This thesis examines the process of changing the wage system of the Qing dynasty and the management system of the troupe in the Qing Dynasty, focusing on the period of Empress Dowager Ci Xi, and through this process, it was possible to understand the following facts. First, interest in and love for the traditional plays of the imperial family, including Empress Dowager Ci Xi. of the Qing Dynasty, improved the status of the actors of Peking Opera, who were classified as a group of low-income people and ignored by people. Second, actors who recognized their artistic value felt dissatisfied with the traditional wage system and tried to change the existing wage system. In this process, the traditional wage system, ‘Baoyin’, was replaced with ‘xifen’, which is a form of performance fee differentially paid according to the abilities of actors. Third, the birth of Hee Bin-je gave them an opportunity to come and go with high-quality cultural figures as well as a high salary from the point of view of famous actors. And by organizing and performing their own artistic troupe, they created a unique performance style and changed the performance environment of the traditional theater company. As a result, the Xifen system promoted the development of commercialized Peking Opera performances in both Beijing and Shanghai. Through the actors who experienced the Shanghai stage, Beijing Peking Opera was transmitted to Shanghai, opening the golden age of Peking Opera performance. In this way, it was found that the change in the wage system of the actors during the Empress Dowager Ci Xi period was an event with an indicator meaning in the history of traditional Chinese drama.