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Globopolis or Cosmopolis? -Alternative Futures of City Life in East Asia

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From the late 1980s urbanization in East Asia has been proceedingunder historically new dynamics that are rapidly transforming urbanspaces and city life. One of the key drivers is the emergence of anaffluent middle class that is simultaneously pushing for political reformwhile also encouraging a shift in land-uses toward global consumption. The challenge to the strong ‘developmental state’ has also come fromglobalization in the form of intensifying inter-city competition forglobal investment and accompanying neoliberal policy regimes aimed atprivatizing urban space and substantially reducing the role of the publicsector in all aspects of the economy. Privatization is furthered by theadvent of a new era of mega-projects in the form of gigantic newtowns, gated communities, mega-malls, the world’s tallest buildings,and global business hubs. As all of these dynamics interplay, a contestover the future of the city is emerging between the idea of the city asan inclusive cosmopolis of diversity and accommodation of differenceversus the city as a globopolis of networked non-public spaces forelites to engage in global consumption, business, and daily lifeprotected from the ‘chaos’ of the city of the less wealthy and thepoor. While democratization and devolution of power to local scales ofgovernance provides openings for more cosmopolitan outcomes,privatization of the city through mega-projects is transforminggovernance into corporate management and the city into zones ofexclusion. The future of city life hangs in the balance.

Abstract

From the late 1980s urbanization in East Asia has been proceedingunder historically new dynamics that are rapidly transforming urbanspaces and city life. One of the key drivers is the emergence of anaffluent middle class that is simultaneously pushing for political reformwhile also encouraging a shift in land-uses toward global consumption. The challenge to the strong ‘developmental state’ has also come fromglobalization in the form of intensifying inter-city competition forglobal investment and accompanying neoliberal policy regimes aimed atprivatizing urban space and substantially reducing the role of the publicsector in all aspects of the economy. Privatization is furthered by theadvent of a new era of mega-projects in the form of gigantic newtowns, gated communities, mega-malls, the world’s tallest buildings,and global business hubs. As all of these dynamics interplay, a contestover the future of the city is emerging between the idea of the city asan inclusive cosmopolis of diversity and accommodation of differenceversus the city as a globopolis of networked non-public spaces forelites to engage in global consumption, business, and daily lifeprotected from the ‘chaos’ of the city of the less wealthy and thepoor. While democratization and devolution of power to local scales ofgovernance provides openings for more cosmopolitan outcomes,privatization of the city through mega-projects is transforminggovernance into corporate management and the city into zones ofexclusion. The future of city life hangs in the balance.

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