Thailand as an Emerging Donor: Main Features of Thai Foreign Aid
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This text aims to describe Thailand's foreign aid policy in the context of some trends and changes occurring in the field of international development cooperation. Recent trends and changes can be summarized as the pursuit of national interests by donor countries, widening gap between the supply and demand of development funds, decreasing proportion of foreign aid as development funds, increasing importance of emerging donor countries, and weakening of international development norms. Among these changes, this text focuses on the increasing importance of emerging donor countries and the pursuit of national interests by donor countries to explain Thailand's foreign aid policy. The characteristics of Thailand's foreign aid policy can be summarized into five points. These characteristics include a focus on agriculture, Thailand's unique ideological orientation, concentration on neighboring countries, establishment of aid executing agencies, and responsiveness to regional cooperation such as ASEAN. Considering these characteristics, Thailand can be described as exhibiting either similar or different foreign aid policies compared to traditional donor countries. Similarities include a focus on neighboring countries, operation of aid implementing agencies, and providing overseas aid-related data to the OECD. On the other hand, differences include a focus on agriculture, pursuit of Thailand's unique ideological orientation, and formulation of development cooperation policies within the ASEAN framework. Thailand has advantages and opportunities for development cooperation, such as an early adoption of the donor mindset, its position as a key regional player, possession of development experience, strong culture of giving, and demand for trilateral cooperation. However, it also has weaknesses, including limited development cooperation resources, domestic political instability, economic vulnerability, and competition with other regional countries. Therefore, there is a need to formulate development cooperation policies and foreign aid policies for Thailand that leverage its strengths and overcome its weaknesses.
Abstract
This text aims to describe Thailand's foreign aid policy in the context of some trends and changes occurring in the field of international development cooperation. Recent trends and changes can be summarized as the pursuit of national interests by donor countries, widening gap between the supply and demand of development funds, decreasing proportion of foreign aid as development funds, increasing importance of emerging donor countries, and weakening of international development norms. Among these changes, this text focuses on the increasing importance of emerging donor countries and the pursuit of national interests by donor countries to explain Thailand's foreign aid policy. The characteristics of Thailand's foreign aid policy can be summarized into five points. These characteristics include a focus on agriculture, Thailand's unique ideological orientation, concentration on neighboring countries, establishment of aid executing agencies, and responsiveness to regional cooperation such as ASEAN. Considering these characteristics, Thailand can be described as exhibiting either similar or different foreign aid policies compared to traditional donor countries. Similarities include a focus on neighboring countries, operation of aid implementing agencies, and providing overseas aid-related data to the OECD. On the other hand, differences include a focus on agriculture, pursuit of Thailand's unique ideological orientation, and formulation of development cooperation policies within the ASEAN framework. Thailand has advantages and opportunities for development cooperation, such as an early adoption of the donor mindset, its position as a key regional player, possession of development experience, strong culture of giving, and demand for trilateral cooperation. However, it also has weaknesses, including limited development cooperation resources, domestic political instability, economic vulnerability, and competition with other regional countries. Therefore, there is a need to formulate development cooperation policies and foreign aid policies for Thailand that leverage its strengths and overcome its weaknesses.
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