몽골선거제도에 관한 고찰

Abstract

After going thorough socialism and then accepting democracy, Mongolia has currently grown politically and economically. The country had difficulty implementing a democratic electoral system due to socialistic system that had been established for long, but legislated for a new constitution and acknowledged suffrage as one of the basic human rights. Since the new constitution enacted in 1992, Mongolia has conducted 7 times of parliamentary elections, and 6 times of presidential election with democratic elections method. Although Mongolia is highly evaluated to have introduced the most safe democracy without any conflicts, it has insufficient points Because it imitated the electoral system of other countries and enforced applying as system in the short term. Although Mongolia introduced a democratic election currently, several problems exposed in enforcement of the electoral system have been occurred. First, because of the nature of the country, it is difficult to reflect the people's opinion in the representative election owing to less election participation of people Second, as proportional representation system disappeared due to the unconstitutional decision, it cannot reflect the people's opinion accurately because valid votes become dead votes. In addition, because Mongolia consists of many different nomadic tribes due to its geographical characteristic, so it takes a long way and time to get to the capital city to exercise a vote. Although more than 60% of the total population live in the capital city, it is true that many of them have actual residential address in local areas, living in Ulaanbaatar. It is because 90% of universities are located in Ulaanbaatar, which draw population here and makes it highly dense. First, in order to develop the electoral system in Mongolia, Mongolia should introduce early voting system. Because it makes voting possible anywhere regardless of residence moving of the people, guarantees the basic rights of the people and can have a positive effect on even continuously dropping voting rate. Second, Mongolia should re-introduce the proportional representation system. Because it prevents the two-party system and legislates the opinions of various classes of society, by increasing the parliament advance of the minority, resulting in ensuring their basic rights.