근대 동아시아유학 맥락에서 박은식의 대동사상 읽기

Abstract

How to understand and implement Humanity in the context of a modern state was a key issue in East Asia's modern studies. Park Eun-sik was aiming for a modern society based on the moral autonomy of the individual rather than an old-fashioned aristocrat (兩班). He put forward the illiterate or the people who were based on the nature of Yangji (良知) as the main agents of the Korean modern society. This is because once the subject is dissolved, the centripetal point of human help and peace is lost. However, the people in the era of equality do not pursue expansionary nationalism, but rather pursue an Eastern society that eliminates the tyranny of authoritarian despotism and aggressive imperialism. Therefore, Korea's independence based on Chiyangji (치양지) should be a process of realizing world peace and humanitarianism. Worries about a global system that went beyond violence in the local community or national system were not limited to Park Eun-sik. Japan established Orientalism in a place where Chineseism had been dissolved. Orientalism, which was also the theory of Japanese independence, was covered by the same literary theory, but it could be evaluated as an anti-Europeanism in that it was an ideology that justified violent imperialist aggression. Kang Yu-yu, meanwhile, not only acknowledged the dissolution of Chineseism, but also insisted that everything that causes discrimination and oppression, such as gender, status, family, state and race, should be dismantled. Conversely, maintaining a neutral view of the world like Yoo In-seok and acquiescing to the Neo-Confucian ideology are limited to the fact that it properly reflected the modern upheaval, even if it was expressed as a resistance to imperialist aggression. A lesson learned from the modern historical experience is that if we insist on expansionary self-centeredness like Chineseism or militarism, we cannot move toward the Greatly United Society (大同社會). It will only be possible to explore solidarity and peace together when the boundary is not lifted but traversed, and the relationship between boundaries is not a one-sided hierarchical relationship, but only when equality is respected. Therefore, Park Eun-sik set the challenge of the Korean people to overcome the imperialism of the powerful and become the main body for achieving egalitarianism. This is the significance of Park Eun-sik's idea of not losing the image of the people while seeking world peace beyond the imperialist invasion.