윤선도의 학문과 사상적 특징

Abstract

Yun Seon-do who was typical Honam sarim left his mark as a writer, politician and scholar in the 17th century. He have not gotten the attention as a politician and thinker but as a writer until now. This article looks into Yun Seon-do’s study and thoughts, that is to say a study of emphasizing practice, a theory of appointing talented person and easing people’s life, practicality and erudition. So with these I establish him in Korean and Honam history of Neo-Confucianism. Yun Seon-do put stress on 『Sohak(小學)』very much and asked his offspring to practice this book in their life. He also put emphasis on 『Daehak(大學)』. Furthermore he emphasized respect(敬) as a standard of internal cultivation, righteousness(義) as a standard of external cultivation and ritual(禮). A theory of appointing talented person was the core of Yun Seon-do’s thoughts. this was the fundamental way to resolve the problems of all these areas such as people’s livelihood, national defense and rural community. He asserted that the way to remit heaven’s anger was only in a stabilization of people’s livelihood and the way to stabilize people’s livelihood was only in a appointment of talented person. He also maintained to dissolve factions because the reason not to earn a well-qualified person was faction. Yun Seon-do’s opinion about a stabilization of people’s livelihood was thoroughly originated from the consciousness for the people. And his consciousness for the people was supported by the theory of natural disaster(災異論). He opposed King Hyojong’s policy of building up the military power, Yangjeon(量田) and Hopaebeop(號牌法) strongly, while he agreed with Daedongbeop(大同法) from equal taxing point of view. Another characteristic of Yun Seon-do’s study and thoughts was practicality and erudition. He was well versed in not only Neo-Confucianism but also a literature, a ritual thoughts, a medicine, Feng Shui theory and a music manifoldly. Such characteristic was succeed to his descendants and was in full bloom in case of Yun Doo-seo and Jeong Yak-yong. Generally Yun Seon-do’s study and thoughts lied halfway between Jeong Gae-cheong and Yi Hwang, in other words between Bukin(Geungi namin) and Youngnam namin. So it is reasonable that we look into Namin with deviding as Geungi namin, Youngnam namin and Honam namin. If so, Yun Seon-do was typical Honam namin in the academic stream continuing Dohak(道學) of Kimyo sarim → a school of Seo Gyeong-deok → a study of Bukin → a study of Bukingye Namin(Honam namin) → Geungi namin silhak(Honam silhak) in the history of Joseon. He was also one of scholars to open the gate of Honam silhak. in the academic stream of Choi Boo group → Seo Gyeong-deok group → Jeong Gae-cheong group in the history of Honam. There is his academic status here.