장기 숙성에 따른 시판 멸치액젓의 성분변화
Component changes in Commercial Salt-Fermented Anchovy Sauce by Long Fermentation
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초록
본 연구는 숙성기간이 다른(1, 3, 6, 9 및 12년) 시판 멸치액젓의 일반성분, pH, 아미노질소, 유리아미노산 등의 이화학적 및 관능적 분석을 통해 장기 숙성에 따른 멸치액젓의 성분변화를 분석하였다. 숙성기간에 따라 멸치액젓의 수분은 감소하였으며 조단백질은 증가하는 경향을 보였고 회분의 함량은 거의 변화가 없었다. pH는 9년산 멸치액젓까지는 감소를 보였으나 산도의 경우 pH와는 반대로 9년산까지 증가하다가 12년산에서 약간 감소하였다. 숙성기간에 따라 멸치액젓의 VBN과 염도의 함량은 각각 243.6~253.4, 25.10~25.33%로 장기 숙성에 따른 큰 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 아미노질소는 1~6년에서 급격히 증가하였으나 그 후의 숙성기간에서는 증가폭이 적었다. 유리아미노산 총량은 8,762.2~10,650.7 mg% 이었으며 숙성기간에 따라 꾸준히 증가하였다. 주요 아미노산으로는 glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine 등이 확인되었으며 특히, glutamic acid, leucine, lysine의 함량이 높았다. 숙성기간에 따라 감칠맛계 아미노산은 꾸준히 증가한 반면 쓴맛계 아미노산은 점점 감소함을 보였다. 숙성기간에 따라 L값 및 b값은 점점 감소한 반면, a값 및 ⊿E값은 조금씩 증가하였으며 분광광도계로 453 nm에서 측정한 색도는 1차 희귀방정식에 따라서 일정하게 증가하였다. 관능평가에서는 6년산 멸치액젓이 종합평가에서 가장 좋은 점수를 받았다.
Abstract
To investigate changes of components in salt-fermented anchovy sauce by long fermentation, various chemical properties were examined. The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash contents of the anchovy sauce by fermentation were 67.48～69.35%, 5.47～7.40%, 0.27～0.47% and 23.82～24.12%. The moisture and pH was decreased slightly, but the contents of crude protein, crude lipid, acidity and amino-N degree were increased gradually by long fermentation. And contents of crude ash, VBN and salinity showed almost no change. Total free amino acid contents of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 year fermented samples were 8,762.2 mg%, 9,484.6 mg%, 10,085.8 mg%, 10,650.7 mg% and 10,123.7 mg% respectively. Major free amino acid of samples were glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, alanine, valine, isoleucine in ordor. The samples were caused by their composition of the free amino acids rations, in which were umami, sweet and bitter taste in the extracts of anchovy during long fermentation. In Hunter values, fermented samples were generally lower in L, b values whereas higher in a, ⊿E values. And absorbance at 453 nm was increased gradually by fermentation. Sensory evaluation result of samples, 6 years sample was the highest than the others in overall acceptance.
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