이상고온 조건이 고추의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향
The Influence of Abnormally High Temperatures on Growth and Yield of Hot Pepper(Capsicum annum L.)
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본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적인 노지작물인 고추에서 이상고온에 따른 생육 및 생리장해 등 피해정도를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 아울러 고온피해를 최소화하기 위한 화학적 대응 기술을 확립하기 위해 빈나리(diniconazole)를 사용하여 그 효과를 검정하고자 하였다. 고추의 신장생장은 생육적온인 25℃보다 온도가 높아질수록 향상되었으나 경직경은 낮았으며, 특히, 30℃에서 재배한 고추 식물체는 연약한 생장을 보였다. 반면 뿌리생육은 생육온도에 따라 큰 차이는 없었다. 고추의 생육적온인 25℃보다 고온에서 재배하면 엽수는 증가하였고, 엽면적도 높았다. 또한 생체중 및 건물중도 높았다. 반면 수확량은 생육적온인 25℃에 비해 고온인 30℃에서는 생산량이 17% 감소하였다. 고추의 생육온도에 따라 낙화율에 차이가 있었으며, 생육적온인 25℃에서는 낙화율이 28.0%였으나, 27.5℃에서는 33.5%, 30℃에서는 52.3%로 온도가 높아질수록 낙화율이 높았다. 칼슘 결핍증은 고추의 생육적온에서는 나타나지 않았으나 온도가 높아질수록 경미하게 증가하는 경향이었다. 반면 역병발병율은 생육온도에 따른 차이는 없었다. 30℃의 이상고온은 낙화율이 문제되었으나, 빈나리를 처리하면 낙화율이 감소하여 10 mg/L 처리에서는 대조구에 비해 수량이 10% 향상되었다.
Abstract
Growth and physiological disorders caused by abnormally high temperatures were evaluated in an important field crop of pepper. In addition, chemical treatment for reducing the damages from high temperature was tested and its effect was verified using 'Binnari'(diniconazole). Shoot growth of pepper was improved as the temperature increased from 25℃, an optimum temperature for growth, while it's spasticity was low and plants cultivated at 30℃ showed relatively weak growth and development. However, root growth was not affected by the different temperatures. The number of leaf, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight were increased at the tempratures higher than 25C. Whereas, yield was decreased by 17% at 30℃ in comparison to 25C. Falling blossom rate was different depending on the growth temperature, and the rate of 28% at 25℃, 33.5% at 27.5℃, and 52.3% at 30℃ was observed, indicating that falling blossom rate increased as temperature rose. Calcium deficiency did not appeared at the optimum growth temperature, but slightly increased as the temperature goes up. Different growth temperatures did not affected on disease rate of phytopathora blight. Falling blossom was severe at abnormal temperatures higher than 30℃, but the treatment of 'Binnari' reduced falling blossom rate and increased the yield by 10% as compared to control. The optimum concentration for 'Binnari' treatment was 10mg/L
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