폐쇄형 식물공장 내에서 인공광원의 종류에 따른 상추의 생육과 품질 특성
Effect of Artificial Light Sources on Growth and Quality Characteristics of Leaf Lettuce in Closed Plant Factory System
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인공광형 식물공장 내에서 인공광원의 종류를 형광등, LED 및 EEFL 3종으로 달리하여 상추의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 식물공장 내 환경조건은 온도 25℃, 상대습도 60%, 탄산가스 400ppm, 풍속 0.5∼1m․s-1으로 유지되도록 설정하였다. 광도는 광원별로 각각 형광등 200, LED 300, EEFL 7000K 215, EEFL 9000K 265, EEFL 12000K 235μmol․m-2․s-1이었고 24시간 일장조건으로 재배하였다. 상추 ‘만추대’의 생체중은 정식 3주 후 LED 광원 조건에서 가장 높았고 EEFL 9000K 처리에서 다음으로 높았으나 형광등 조건 하에서는 생육이 가장 저조하여 LED 광원 하 생체중의 약 60%에 불과하였다. 엽수 역시 생체중과 같은 경향이었으며 엽면적은 형광등을 제외한 4처리 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 광합성률은 형광등에서 다소 낮았으나 다른 처리간에는 차이가 없었다. 상추의 total phenolic compound 및 total flavonoid 함량은 형광등과 LED에서 높았고 EEFL 등은 상대적으로 낮은 수준이었다. 이상의 결과로부터, EEFL은 광량에 따라서 상추의 생육반응에 있어서 차이를 보였고 형광등에 비해 효율적인 것으로 판단되었다. 향후 상추의 항산화물질 함량을 높이기 위한 온도, 광량, 상대습도 등의 적정 생장환경에 관한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 보이며, EEFL은 비용과 에너지절감 차원에서 폐쇄형 식물공장의 형광등 대체 광원으로서 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
The growth and quality of lettuce were evaluated in a plant factory system with three types of artificial lights including fluorescent lamp (FL), light-emitting diode (LED) and external electrode fluorescent lamp (EEFL). Air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and wind velocity in the plant factory system were maintained at about 25℃, 60%, 400 ppm, and 0.5 m·s-1, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of FL, LED, EEFL 7000K, EEFL 9000K and EEFL 12000K were 200, 300, 215, 265, and 235 μmol․m-2․s-1, respectively, with all same 24 hour photoperiod per day. Among lettcue cultivar ‘Manchudae' plants grown for three weeks under different artificial lights, plants under LED showed the highest fresh weight, followed by those under EEFL 9000K. In contrast, the lowest fresh weight was observed in plants grown under FL. The number of leaves showed the same trend as fresh weight. There was no significant difference in both leaf area and photosynthetic rate among plants grown in different light sources, although they were relatively low in those under FL. The contents of phenolic compound and total flavonoid were highest in plants under FL and LED but lowest in those under EEFL. In conclusion, the EEFL promoted growth in lettuce compared to FL although the growth response varied depending on the types of EEFL. Thus, EEFL can replace FL considering production-cost and energy saving in closed-type plant factories. Further studies are needed on the growth conditions such as temperature, light intensity, and relative humidity to increase antioxidant chemicals in lettuce grown in plant factories.
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