Sex Identification of Jackass Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) using the CHD Gene
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참고문헌
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초록
In many avian species, it is difficult to distinguish the sexes based on their external features. Sexdetermination is an important area of study in developmental and evolutionary biology, as well as inecology. In penguins, physical sexual characteristics between males and females are hard todifferentiate particularly the Jackass penguins (Spheniscus demersus) which show little sexualdimorphism. Although it is always thought that males are usually larger than females, sexing by directobservation may be difficult especially in young birds. In this research, we evaluated a sexdetermination technique in Jackass Penguins using genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)amplification using primers. Genomic DNA was extracted from feathers of Jackass penguins,Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos var. domestica) using E-prep(Viagenkorea.CO, Korea) reagent. A primer set is designed for sex determination. The primersamplifythe homologous region of the CHD-W gene (chromo-helicase-DNA-binding gene) unique tofemales, and the CHD-Z gene, occurring in both sexes and characterized by two bands in females andonly one band in males. The results showed that analyses of the polymerase chain reaction products inJackass penguins using 2550F-2718R and P2/P8 primer sets showed one band in both males andfemales. Moreover, 2550F-2718R primer set identified the sex of chickens but not in ducks whileprimer P2/P8 showed only one band in both chickens and ducks. The 1272L-1237H primer showedone band in male and two bands in female in all species tested. It was confirmed that the use of1272L-1237H primer concur in identifying the sex of the following species: Jackass penguins, ducksand chickens.
Abstract
In many avian species, it is difficult to distinguish the sexes based on their external features. Sexdetermination is an important area of study in developmental and evolutionary biology, as well as inecology. In penguins, physical sexual characteristics between males and females are hard todifferentiate particularly the Jackass penguins (Spheniscus demersus) which show little sexualdimorphism. Although it is always thought that males are usually larger than females, sexing by directobservation may be difficult especially in young birds. In this research, we evaluated a sexdetermination technique in Jackass Penguins using genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)amplification using primers. Genomic DNA was extracted from feathers of Jackass penguins,Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos var. domestica) using E-prep(Viagenkorea.CO, Korea) reagent. A primer set is designed for sex determination. The primersamplifythe homologous region of the CHD-W gene (chromo-helicase-DNA-binding gene) unique tofemales, and the CHD-Z gene, occurring in both sexes and characterized by two bands in females andonly one band in males. The results showed that analyses of the polymerase chain reaction products inJackass penguins using 2550F-2718R and P2/P8 primer sets showed one band in both males andfemales. Moreover, 2550F-2718R primer set identified the sex of chickens but not in ducks whileprimer P2/P8 showed only one band in both chickens and ducks. The 1272L-1237H primer showedone band in male and two bands in female in all species tested. It was confirmed that the use of1272L-1237H primer concur in identifying the sex of the following species: Jackass penguins, ducksand chickens.
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