이화령 및 육십령 백두대간 생태축 복원사업지토양 박테리아 군집 분석
Analysis of Soil Bacterial Community in Ihwaryeong and Yuksimnyeong Restoration Project Sites Linking the Ridgeline of Baekdudaegan
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초록
토양 미생물 군집은 외부 환경변화에 있어 식물 군집보다 더 빨리 반응할 수 있다는 점에서 복원 과정의 초기 지표로 활용될 수 있다. 이런 측면에서 인위적인 교란에 대한 생태계 반응을 측정하고 생태계 복원의 지표를 제공하는 토양 미생물 군집 연구가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구는 2012년과2013년 준공된 이화령과 육십령 백두대간 생태축 복원사업지와 주변 임분에서 각각 토양을 채취하여16S rRNA 파이로시퀀싱 기법을 이용하여 토양 박테리아 군집을 분석하였다. 문(Phylum) 수준에서의박테리아 다양성은 이화령이 평균 29.3, 육십령이 평균 32.3으로 나왔고 복원사업지와 주변 임분은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.01), 지리적 위치(이화령과 육십령 비교)나 토심(0∼15cm, 16∼30cm 비교)에 따른 유의한 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 검색된 토양 박테리아 중에서 Acidobacteria(37.3%)와 Proteobacteria(31.1%)가 가장 우점적으로 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며, 복원한 토양과 주변임분에서 이 두 문의 박테리아 다양성 양상은 서로 상반되었다. 즉, 인공적으로 복원된 토양에서는Proteobacteria가 높은 비율로 나타났고(38.1%, 인근 산림토양에서는 24.2%), 주변 임분에서는Acidobacteria가 다양한 것으로 나타났다(55.4%, 복원 사업지는 19.2%). 이러한 경향은 토양의 영양상태에 따라 선호하는 박테리아 종류가 다르다는 기존의 연구 결과와 유사하였으며, 특히 Acidobacteria는 산성토양을 선호하는 등 토양산도와 밀접한 연관이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서, 토양 박테리아군집 특성은 연구지 위치나 토심에 따른 영향보다는 토양복원에 따른 영향이 더 크게 나타났고 이는 향후 토양복원의 성공여부를 정량적으로 모니터링하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
Researches on soil microbial community are increasing to assess ecosystem responses toanthropogenic disturbances and to provide an indicator of ecosystem recovery. Microbialcommunities are able to respond more rapidly to environmental changes than plants andtherefore they may provide an early indication of the ecosystem recovery trajectory. This studywas conducted using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing of soil samples to compare soil bacterialcommunity composition between artificially covered soils of the Baedudaegan ridgeline and theiradjacent forest soils in two restoration project sites, Ihwaryeong and Yuksimnyeong, which werecompleted in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Richness of the Phylum level was 29.3 inIhwaryeong and 32.3 in Yuksimnyeong. Significant difference in the richness between artificial restored soils and adjacent forest soils(p<0.01) was observed, however no significant differencewas observed for site location and soil depth. Acidobacteria(37.3%) and Proteobacteria(31.1%)were more abundant than any other phylum in collected soil samples. Also, we found thesignificant difference in the relative abundance of the two abundant phyla between artificiallyrestored soils and their adjacent forest soils (Proteobacteria, 38.1% in restored soils vs 24.2% inadjacent forest soils, p<0.01; Acidobacteria, 55.4% in restored soils vs 19.2% in adjacent forestsoils, p<0.001). The results support the previous researches indicating that soil bacterialcommunity composition is affected by nutritional status of soils and that Acidobacteria is alsostrongly influenced by pH, thus favoring soils with lower pH. This study could be utilized tomonitor and evaluate restoration success of forest soil environment quantitatively.
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