키토산 처리가 참다래(Actinidia chinensis) 과실의 성숙과 저장에 미치는 영향
Influence of Chitosan Treatment on the Fruit Maturation and Shelf-life of Kiwifruits(Actinidia chinensis)
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참다래(Actinidia chinensis)의 연화과 발생은 재배 환경과 기후의 영향을 받기 때문에 경작년에 따라발생 정도에 차이가 있다. 수확전 키토산 살포는 황육계 및 적육계 참다래 과실의 경도를 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었지만 수확후 침지처리는 유의한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 수확전 키토산 살포는 과실 성숙을균일하게 만들어 주어 적육계 참다래의 수확기 연화과 발생율을 감소시켰다. 과실내부 조직의 CO2 농도는 대조구에 비하여 45% 증가하였는데 이는 과피에 키토산 피막이 형성되었기 때문이었다. 수확전 처리한 키토산에 의하여 과실 건물중과 전분함량이 증가하였고 가용성고형물과 산함량이 높아져 과실 성숙이늦어졌으며 저장 중에도 과실 경도 및 전분 감소가 지연되었다. 수확전 키토산 처리는 적육계 참다래의과피 반점 형성을 감소시켜주었다. 결론적으로 수확전 키토산 살포는 참다래 과실의 과피장해 억제, 경도 저하 지연을 통하여 저장성을 증진시키는데 기여하였다
Abstract
The incidence of soft fruit due to uneven maturity differed between crop years and culturalenvironments in Actinidia chinensis regardless the picking season. It was confirmed that pre-harvestof chitosan treatment increased the firmness of gold and red kiwifruits. However, post-harvestdipping did not bring any significant result. Pre-harvest chitosan spray also led to even maturationand, thus, reduced the occurrence of soft fruit at harvest in red kiwifruit. The internal CO2concentration increased to 45% probably due to the formation of chitosan film barrier on the fruitskins. There was an increase of dry matter and starch contents of chitosan treated fruit, and lowsoluble solids and high acidity contents at harvest indicated delay of the maturity. The loss of fruitfirmness and the starch contents were also found during storage. Pre-harvest chitosan treatmentreduced the occurrence of black specks on the skin in red kiwifruit. To conclude, our resultsindicated that the pre-harvest chitosan spray contributed to increasing the shelf-life Actinidiachinensis fruit by reducing skin disorder and delaying firmness loss.
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