몽골 울란바토르 근교 산림과 초지 토양의 이화학적 특성
Soil Physiochemical Properties of Forest and Steppe Areas Near Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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최근 산림훼손이 심각하게 진행되고 있는 몽골의 수도 울란바토르 근교 산림과 초지 토양의 이화학적특성을 분석, 비교하였다. 유기물함량은 초지토양이 평균 17.0%로, 산림토양보다 유의하게 높은 것으로나타났다(p<0.05). 유기물함량은 해발고가 낮을수록(R2=0.742) 그리고 양이온교환용량(CEC)이 클수록높은 경향을 보였다(R2=0.597). CEC도 초지토양이 평균 35.3cmolc + kg-1으로, 산림토양 보다 유의하게높았고(p<0.05), 교환성 양이온 중 특히 칼슘의 집적이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 염기포화도는 평균62.4∼129.7%로, 100%를 초과하는 토양도 많았고, 염기포화도가 높을수록 pH가 높아지는 경향을 보였다(R2=0.665). 총질소 함량은 0.05~0.93%의 범위를 나타냈으며, 산림보다 초지토양에서 더 높았다(p<0.05). 총질소 함량은 유기물함량이 높을수록 높은 값을 나타냈으며(R2=0.699), C/N비는 산림토양28.8~43.0 그리고 초지토양 12.8~18.4로 각각 나타났다(p<0.05). 토양의 이화학적 특성 간 상관분석결과, 유기물함량과 전질소, 유기물함량과 총인, 유기물함량과 CEC 그리고 토양 pH와 염기포화도는 서로 정의 상관관계 그리고 CEC와 암모늄태 질소, 전질소와 총인 그리고 C/N비와 염기포화도는 부의 상관관계가 각각 나타났다(p<0.05). 중금속 함량은 아연과 납이 가장 많이 검출되었으나, 도심과 비교하면 아주 미미한 수준이었다. 이러한 연구결과들은 향후 몽골의 산림복원 과정을 모니터링 하는데 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
The soil physicochemical characteristics of forest and grassland near Ulaanbaatar where forest degradation has been conducted severely were analyzed and compared. The organic matter content of grassland soil was 17.0%, which was significantly higher than that of forest soil (p<0.05). The organic matter content was higher with lower elevation (R2=0.742) and higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R2=0.597). As for CEC, grassland soils had an average of 35.3cmolc + kg-1, which was significantly higher than forest soils (p<0.05). The average value of base saturation ranged from 62.4 to 129.7% with many sample sites indicating the values over 100%. As the base saturation became higher with increase in pH values (R2=0.665). Total nitrogen content ranged from 0.05 to 0.93% and was higher in grassland soil than in forest (p<0.05). The total nitrogen content was higher as the organic matter content was higher (R2=0.699) and the C/N ratio was 28.8∼43.0 for forest soil and 12.8∼18.4 for grassland soil, respectively (p<0.05). As a result of correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties, organic matter content and total nitrogen, organic matter content and total phosphorus, organicmatter content and CEC, soil pH and base saturation were positively correlated each other. CEC and ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and total phosphorus, C/N ratio and base saturation showed negative correlations (p<0.05). The heavy metal content was the highest of zinc and lead, but much lower than an urban area. These results are expected to be useful in monitoring the forest restoration processes in Mongolia
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