무인기 기술을 이용한 경북 봉화지역 잣나무림의 수고 및 흉고직경 추정
Estimating Tree Height and Diameter at Breast Height Using the Unmanned Aerial System for Korea Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Bonghwa Region, Gyungbuk Province
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 무인기 정사영상 정보를 활용하여 초미세 고해상도 3차원 공간 모델을 구축하고, 구축된 모델을 이용하여 개체목의 수고와흉고직경을 추정하는 기술을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경상북도 봉화군 일대 잣나무 조림지를 대상으로 무인기 정사영상을 촬영하였으며, SfM 기술을 이용해 촬영영상에 대한 3차원 수고 모델을 추출하였다. 유역분류 알고리즘을 이용해 개체목을 선별·추출하였고, 개체목별 수관면적에따른 흉고직경을 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 추출된 수고모델과 현장에서 측정한 수고는 평균 제곱근 편차에서 1.492m (R2 = 0.3401) 차이를 보였으며, 오차율이 가장 적은 수고모델 추출 방법은 지형분석지점 사양이 각도 20°, 이격거리 1m, 격자크기 60m 이었다. 개체목 추출율은75.4% 이었으며, 수고가 높은 우세목의 추출율은 85.2% 이상이었다. 추출된 개체목의 수관면적과 흉고직경의 상관성은 두 변수 사이에 유의수준(P<0.01)에서 상관관계가 있었으며, 적합도 77.05% 수준에서 수관면적이 커질수록 흉고직경도 증가하는 추세를 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to construct 3D spatial model using the true Orthophoto of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and to develop the estimation technique of height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of individual trees by analyzing the 3D spatial model. To do this, we extracted 3D tree height model using Structure from Motion (SfM) technique after taking UAS orthophoto of Korea Pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation in Bonghwa, Gyeongbuk-province. We extracted individual tree using the watershed classification algorithm, and through this, we estimated DBH to the crown area of individual tree. The study result showed that the extracted tree height model (THM) and height measured on the spot were difference of 1.492m (R2 = 0.3401), the extraction method of the tree height model with the smallest error rate was the topographic analysis point of 20°angle, 1m separation distance, and 60m grid size. The extraction rate of individual tree was 75.4%, and the extraction rate of dominant tree was higher than 85.2%. he correlation coefficient between the crown area and DBH of extracted individual tree was in statistically significant (P<0.01), DBH increased according to the crown area at 77.05% of fit.
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