콩수확기 풍구 회전수 및 콩 투입 조건에 따른 선별 효율 분석
Analysis of Separation Efficiency in Soybean Harvesters Based on Blower Fan Rotational Speed and Input Conditions
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초록
콩은 높은 단백질 함량과 다양한 기능적 특성으로 인해 식품 및 사료 산업에 필수적인 작물이다. 그러나 농촌 인구의 고령화와 저렴한 수입 콩으로 인해 국내 콩 생산량은 꾸준히 감소하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 농업 기계 기술의 발전이 필수적이며, 특히 콩수확기의 선별 메커니즘을 개선하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 CFD-DEM 결합 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 콩수확기의 선별장치 내의 유동 역학과 입자 움직임을 분석하여 선별 효율성을 향상시키는 것을 목표로 했다. 경남농업기술원에서 재배한 진풍 콩(Glycine max (L.) Merrill) 품종을 실험에 사용하였다. 선별장치는 콩, 콩대, 줄기를 분리하여 콩알만 수집하도록 설계되었다. 실험 중에는 콩 줄기를 균일하게 투입하여 분리율과 수집률을 측정하였다. 또한 유동 분석을 위해 표준 k-ε 난류 모델을 사용하였으며, CFD-DEM 결합 방법을 사용하여 선별 장치 내의 내부 유동과 입자 움직임을 시뮬레이션하였다. 추가로 CFD 분석 결과를 DEM 시뮬레이션에 활용하여 Ganser 항력 모델을 적용하여 콩과 콩대의 분리 특성을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 CFD-DEM 결합 시뮬레이션을 통해 콩수확기의 선별 장치 성능을 평가하고 최적의 팬 회전속도를 결정하였다. 실험에서 팬 회전속도는 각각 900 rpm, 1,000 rpm, 1,100 rpm, 1,200 rpm으로 설정하였다. 실제 선별장치에서 측정한 풍구 회전 시의 공기 유속과 시뮬레이션 에서 팬 회전으로 발생한 공기 유속 간의 RMSE 값은 0.64 m/s에서 1.12 m/s로 나타났다. 풍구 회전수에 대한 콩의 수집률을 시뮬레이션 결과 풍구 회전수가 증가할수록 수집률이 감소했으며, 900 rpm일 때 최대 94.08%의 수집률을 보였다. 콩대와 콩줄기 분리율의 경우 900 rpm과 1,000 rpm에서 55%~60%로 낮은 효율을 보였다. 1,100 rpm에서 86.38%, 1,200 rpm일 때 86.14%의 분리율이 측정되었다. 콩 수집률과 콩대 분리율 모두에서 최적의 성능을 발휘하려면, 풍구 회전수는 1,100 rpm이 적절한 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
Soybeans are an essential crop in the food and feed industries due to their high protein content and various functional properties. However, domestic soybean production has been steadily declining due to an aging farming population and the availability of cheaper imported soybeans. To address this issue, advancements in agricultural machinery technology are crucial, particularly in improving the sorting mechanism of soybean harvesters. This study aimed to enhance sorting efficiency by analyzing the flow dynamics and particle movement within the soybean harvester's sorting device using CFD-DEM coupled simulations. The Jinpung soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) variety cultivated at the Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services was used in the experiment. The sorting device was designed to separate soybeans, pods, and stalks, collecting only the soybean kernels. During the experiment, soybean stems were uniformly fed to measure the separation rate and collection efficiency. A standard k-ε turbulence model was employed for flow analysis, and the CFD-DEM coupling method was used to simulate the internal flow and particle movement within the sorting device. Additionally, CFD analysis results were utilized in DEM simulations, applying the Ganser drag model to analyze the separation characteristics of soybeans and pods. Finally, the study evaluated the performance of the soybean harvester's sorting device and determined the optimal fan speed using CFD-DEM coupled simulations. The fan speeds were set to 900 rpm, 1,000 rpm, 1,100 rpm, and 1,200 rpm, respectively. The RMSE range between measured and simulated airflow speeds in the sorting device was found to be 0.64 m/s to 1.12 m/s. Simulation results showed that the collection rate decreased with increasing fan speed, with a maximum collection rate of 94.08% at 900 rpm. The separation rate of soybean pods and stalks was low at 55%~60% for 900 rpm and 1,000 rpm, while it was higher at 86.38% for 1,100 rpm and 86.14% for 1,200 rpm. Overall, the optimal fan speed for achieving the best performance in both soybean collection and pod separation was determined to be 1,100 rpm
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