Integrated Pest Management and Practice on Insect and Disease in the Northern Pistachio Belt of Afghanistan
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Afghanistan is a producer of high-quality pistachios among the top ten producers in the World. Nowadays, these edible nuts are losing their quality and quantity due to hemipteran insect infestation and their diversity during all growth phases in the country borderline. The expansion of the pistachio pest in Iran has caused concerns for Afghanistan, especially in the provinces of Herat, Badghis, and Takhar which are close to the Iran borders. Hence, this survey was initiated to primarily detect the phytophagous insect pest presence in the pistachio open forest areas and to know what management tools were effectively used in alleviation of the pest infestation. Our findings indicated that galling aphids, aphids, thrips, and root beetles received the maximum positive responses in the Herat province, but psyllids, aphids, root beetles, leave miners, fruit borers and thrips received the highest responses in Badghis province. In addition, Takhar province depicted plant bugs, twig borer moths, galling aphids, leaf miners, and leafhoppers got the most positive responses accordingly. In the meantime, the data showed that management outcomes were not satisfactory despite the use of sanitation, cultural practices, and chemical application. The survey presented significant differences in the prevalence of pest and in the application of pest control methods among the survey regions. Finally, it is essential to develop the strategy of integrated pest management in order to stop the phytophagous insects from turning into actual pests. This will reduce the pistachio loss annually and improve the nut culture quality in Afghanistan.
Abstract
Afghanistan is a producer of high-quality pistachios among the top ten producers in the World. Nowadays, these edible nuts are losing their quality and quantity due to hemipteran insect infestation and their diversity during all growth phases in the country borderline. The expansion of the pistachio pest in Iran has caused concerns for Afghanistan, especially in the provinces of Herat, Badghis, and Takhar which are close to the Iran borders. Hence, this survey was initiated to primarily detect the phytophagous insect pest presence in the pistachio open forest areas and to know what management tools were effectively used in alleviation of the pest infestation. Our findings indicated that galling aphids, aphids, thrips, and root beetles received the maximum positive responses in the Herat province, but psyllids, aphids, root beetles, leave miners, fruit borers and thrips received the highest responses in Badghis province. In addition, Takhar province depicted plant bugs, twig borer moths, galling aphids, leaf miners, and leafhoppers got the most positive responses accordingly. In the meantime, the data showed that management outcomes were not satisfactory despite the use of sanitation, cultural practices, and chemical application. The survey presented significant differences in the prevalence of pest and in the application of pest control methods among the survey regions. Finally, it is essential to develop the strategy of integrated pest management in order to stop the phytophagous insects from turning into actual pests. This will reduce the pistachio loss annually and improve the nut culture quality in Afghanistan.
참고문헌 (28)
- Abbaszadeh G, "Ecological, cultural and pheromonal studies on Pistachio wood borer, Kermania pistaciella", Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 19, pp.25~28 (2011)
- Adish M, "Response of badami-zarand pistachio rootstock to salinity stress", J. of Nuts, 1(1), pp.1~11 (2010)
- Bemani M, "Study on the physiology of diapause, cold hardiness and supercooling point of overwintering pupae of the pistachio fruit hull borer, Arimania comaroffi", J. of Insect Physiology, 587, pp.897~902 (2012)
- FAO, "FAOSTAT statistical database. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO", FAOSTAT, ~ (2020)
- Gómez SR, "The leaf beetle Labidostomis lusitanica(Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae)as an Iberian pistachio pest : Projecting risky areas", Pest Manag Sci, 78, pp.217~229 (2022)
- Haghighi S, "Improving the drought tolerance in pistachio(Pistacia vera)seedlings by foliar application of salicylic acid", Gesunde Pflanzen, 73, pp.495~507 (2021)
- Hemmam S, "Morphological changes in Atlas pistachio leaves Pistacia atlantica Desf., caused by the galling aphid Forda riccobonii (Stephani 1899) in western Algeria", International J. of Environmental Studies, 80, pp.733~741 (2023)
- Hokmabadi H, "Growth, chemical composition, and carbon isotope discrimination of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstock seedlings in response to salinity", Crop and Pasture Science, 56, pp.135~144 (2005)
- Inbar M, "Systematics of Pistacia: Insights from specialist parasitic aphids", Taxon, 57(1), pp.238~242 (2008)
- Kafkas S, "Molecular characterization of Afghan pistachio accessions by amplified fragment length polymorphisms(AFLPs)", The J. of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 81(5), pp.864~868 (2006)
- Karimi H, "Effects of water salinity on growth indices and physiological parameters in some pistachio rootstocks", J. of Plant Nutrition, 34, pp.935~944 (2011)
- Kaska N, "Characterization of nut species of Afghanistan : I-Almond", Acta Horticulturae, 726, pp.147~155 (2006)
- Kaska N, "Pistachio research and development in the Near East, North Africa and Southern Europe. Nut Production Industry in Europe", Near East and North Africa. Reur Technical Series, 13, pp.133~160 (1990)
- Kazemi F, "Seasonal occurrence and biological parameters of the common green lacewing predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae(Hemiptera : Psylloidea)", European J. of Entomology, 108(1), pp.63~70 (2011)
- A review of the horticultural marketing and post-harvest conditions in Afghanistan, "Kemal-ur-Rahim K", FAO, 7~45 (2003)
- Mehrnejad MR, "Abundance and biological parameters of psyllophagous coccinellids in pistachio orchards", J. of Applied Entomology, 135(9), pp.673~681 (2011)
- Mehrnejad MR, "Hemipteran bugs associated with pistachio trees and notes on major species", Zoology and Ecology, 23(1), pp.29~40 (2013)
- Mehrnejad MR, "Arthropod pests of pistachios, their natural enemies, and management", Plant Protection Science, 56(4), pp.231~260 (2020)
- Mohammadrezaei M, "Multi-dimensional appraisal of integrated pest management adoption : Evidence of pistachio growers in Kerman Province, Iran", J. of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21, pp.815~828 (2019)
- Omar, "Pistachio harvest offers valuable income for Herat, Badghis residents", Salaam Times, ~ (2022)
- "Outline Map of Afghanistan" (2019)[URL]
- Rouhani M, "Genetic variation of yellow pistachio hard scale, Lepidosaphes pistaciae Archangelskaya (Hem.: Diaspididae) populations in Kerman province, Iran revealed by ISSR markers", Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64, pp.20~24 (2018)
- Salehi T, "Polymorphism of Adalia bipunctata(Coleoptera : Coccinellidae)on the cultivated and wild-pistachio trees in Kerman province", Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 81(2), pp.135~142 (2014)
- Tomaino A, "Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of pistachio (Pistacia vera L., variety Bronte)seeds and skins", Biochimie, 92, pp.1115~1122 (2010)
- Tridge, "Afghanistan pistachio kernel market overview 2023", TRIDGE, ~ (2023)
- Yahyavi F, "Oil quality of pistachios (Pistacia vera L.)grown in East Azarbaijan, Iran", NFS J, 18, pp.12~18 (2020)
- Yanık E, "The pistachio (P. vera L.) pests, their population development, and damage state in Sanliurfa province", Cahiers Options Mediterraneenes, 56, pp.301~309 (2001)
- Yaseen T, "Invasive pests that threaten strategic agricultural crops in the Arab and Nena region", New Medit, 18, pp.117~121 (2019)