라티노 이민자 불법성과 시민권 투쟁
Latino Immigrant Illegality and Struggles for Citizenship
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이 글의 목적은 라티노 불법성 논쟁과 시민권 투쟁의 연관 관계를 고찰하는 데 있다. 특히 멕시코계 이민 노동자를 표적으로 한 불법성 담론은 1960년대 브라세로 프로그램, 1990년대국경지역의 군사화, 그리고 트럼프 정부를 거치면서 점차 확산되어 온 과정을 보여준다. 불법성담론의 확대 · 재생산과 맞물려 확산된 주류사회의 반이민정서와 더불어 라틴아메리카 출신 이민자 인구의 증가로 인해 촉발된 시민권 개념은 새로운 인식의 전환을 요구한다. 라티노 미등록이민자에게 입혀진 불법성 개념의 자의적이고 모순된 양상, 그리고 여기에 맞서 새롭게 제기된 시민권 개념을 이해하고자 2006년 대규모 반이민법 저항 시위가 전례 없이 보여준 정치학, 윤리적, 철학적 차원의 함의를 두루 검토해 본다. 라티노 대규모 시위 이후 우경화되는 사회 변화를 통해라티노 정치학계가 제기한 새로운 투쟁 방식과 시민권 개념을 일별하는 작업은 우리 사회의 이민문제에 대해 근본적인 성찰을 해보는 기회를 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between discourses on Latino illegality and struggles for citizenship. In particular, the illegality focusing on Mexican immigrant workers reveals the gradual expanding and intensifying process from Bracero Program in the 1960s, through the militarization of border areas since 1990, to the inauguration of the Trump administration. In addition to the anti-immigrant sentiment in the dominant society, which has spread in tandem with the expansion and reproduction of discourses of illegality, the concept of citizenship, triggered by the growing population of immigrants from Latin America, calls for a new perception. To understand the arbitrary and contradictory aspects of illegality and the newly raised concept of citizenship, this study analyses the political, ethical, and philosophical implications of the massive anti protest against the anti-immigration law in 2006. It also reflects on the American immigration issues by presenting a critical view on the new strategies of struggle and citizenship raised by Latino scholars through the social changes that have become conservative and rightward after the mega protests of Latino communities.
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