스페인어 ‘hacer + Inf.’ 사역구문에서의 대격/여격 교체
Accusative/Dative Case Alternation in Spanish ‘hacer + Inf.’ causative constructions.
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이 논문에서는 ‘hacer + Inf.’ 사역구문에서 피사역자의 격이 어떻게 실현되는지에 관해 연구하고자 한다. 피사역자에 일관되게 여격을 부여하는 카탈루냐 스페인어, 동사원형의 타동성에 따라 피사역자에 대격/여격을 부여하는 표준 스페인어, 그리고 동사원형이 타동사임에도 피사역자에 대격/여격이 부여되는 멕시코 스페인어의 사례들을 중심으로 논의하고자 한다. 본고는 표준 스페인어 ‘hacer + Inf.’ 사역구문에서 관찰되는 대격/여격 교체에 관해 기본적으로 사역동사에 동사원형이 포합되어 2형식 동사의 3형식화, 3형식 동사의 4형식화로 인해 논항구조가 변형된 것으로 분석한다. 이에 따라 3형식화된 사역구문에서 피사역자는 주절 v에 의해 대격을 부여받으며, 4형식화된 사역구문에서 피사역자는 주절 Appl에 의해 여격을 부여받는다. 또한, 이와 같은 대격/여격 교체를 한국어 ‘~게 하다’ 사역구문에서 관찰되는 대격/주격 교체와 비교하여, 격부여 능력이 결여된 결함적 기능핵으로 인한 주어-목적어 인상과 유사한 것으로 제안한다. 마지막으로, 멕시코 스페인어 ‘hacer + Inf.’ 사역구문에서 동사원형이 타동사임에도 관찰되는 피사역자의 대격/여격 교체에 관해서는 두 가지 격부여 방식을 제안한다. Appl에 의한 여격부여와 더불어 표준 스페인어 사역구문에 관한 선행연구에서 자동사 동사원형의 피사역자에 제안된 복합술어 형성을 통한 주절 v의 대격부여를 멕시코 스페인어의 경우 타동사 동사원형에도 적용될 수 있는 것으로 분석한다.
Abstract
This paper discusses how Case of the causee is realized. It mainly focuses on the cases of Catalan Spanish, which consistently assigns Dative to the causee, Standard Spanish, which assigns Dative or Accusative depending on the transitivity of the infinitive, and Mexican Spanish, which assigns Dative or Accusative even when the infinitive is transitive. This study analyzes Dative/Accusative Case alternation observed in Standard Spanish ‘hacer + Inf.’ causative construction as fundamentally a process of transforming intransitive verbs into transitive and transitive verbs into ditransitive, through the incorporation of the infinitive into the causative verb, altering the argument structure. Consequently, in the transitived causative construction, the causee receives Accusative by the main clause v, and in the ditransitived causative construction, the causee receives Dative by Appl of the main clause. Moreover, it is proposed that such Dative/Accusative Case alternation can be compared to Accusative/Nominative Case alternation in Korean causative constructions, suggesting that it is a kind of subject-object raising due to the defective functional head lacking Case-assigning capability. Finally, regarding Dative/Accusative Case alternation in Mexican Spanish ‘hacer + Inf.’ causative constructions despite the infinitive being transitive, this paper argues for two types of Case assignment: Dative assignment by Appl and Accusative assignment through complex predicate formation proposed in previous studies for the causee of intransitive infinitives, which can be applied to transitive infinitives in Mexican Spanish.
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