행정학의 변화와 새로운 학문적 패러다임 모색
The Changes of Public Administration and the Possibility of New Paradigm
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윌슨에 의해 정치학으로부터 분화된 행정학은 사회경제적 시대 상황의 변화에 대응하기 위해 다양한 인접 학문의 기법들과 이론들을 활용해 왔다. 그러나 이렇게 경영학의 기법들이 활용되고 경제학 이론들이 침투해 온 것은 물론 정치학의 이론들이 차용되어 왔다는 것은 행정학이 독자적인 학문으로서의 정체성을 제대로 가지고 있는지 의문을 갖게 한다. 또한 사회경제의 규모가 커지고 복잡성이 증대됨에 따라 행정의 비중이 줄고 문제해결 능력이 저하되어 정부에 대한 그리고 행정학에 대한 신뢰는 점점 더 약화되고 있다. 행정학의 이러한 정체성 및 신뢰의 위기는 근본적으로 오늘날의 사회과학 전반에 신화처럼 내재한 전제와 가정에서 비롯되었다고 볼 수 있다. 다윈이 진화론을 주도한 이후 시장과 정부라는 문제해결 메커니즘에서의 활동 주체인 개인을 이기적 존재로 보거나 경쟁과 적자생존을 자연과 사회를 관통하는 원리로 보는 시각은 근현대 학문에서 보편적인 모습이 되었다. 그러나 행정학이 정체성과 신뢰의 위기에서 벗어나 집합적 행위시 나타나는 문제점을 해소하고 개인들간의 보다 나은 협력을 이끌어 내기 위해서는 집합적 행위와 협력의 본질에 맞는 근본적인 새로운 전제와 가정이 필요하다. 이것은 공공의 이익을 구현하는 행정 목적에도 부합하고 학문적 위기 극복에도 도움이 될 것이며, 나아가 사회과학의 새로운 패러다임 형성에도 영향을 미칠 것이다. 아울러 이제는 다른 학문의 이론들을 활용할 경우에도 행정학적 비판과 검증을 제대로 거치는 것이 필요하며, 행정학이 고유하게 다룰 수 있는 영역인 정부와 공공부문의 특성에 맞는 이론을 탄탄히 구축해 나가는 것이 중요하다 할 것이다.
Abstract
Public administration, which has been divided from political science since Woodrow Wilson has used techniques and theories from a variety of academic fields in order to respond to the changing socioeconomic times. However, the use of techniques from business administration, the penetration of theories from economics, as well as the borrowing of theories from political science, raises the question whether public administration has an identity as an independent academic field. In addition, as the scale and complexity of the society increases, the importance of public administration diminished and the problem-solving ability decreased, further undermining the credibility of the government and also of the academic field of public administration. Such identity and credibility crisis of public administration can be said to basically stem from the myth-like premise and supposition that are inherent in today's social sciences. After the advent of Darwinian evolution theory, an individual, that is, an actor in problem-solving mechanisms of market and government has been regarded as selfish, and the competition and survival of fittest have become the norm applied to nature and society. In order to resolve the problem in collective action and draw cooperation among individuals, new premise and supposition that fits collective activities and cooperative efforts would need to be generated. As well as aiding to resolve the crisis that public administration is currently in, this concept would meet the administrative goals that are set to pursue public interests. Furthermore, the new premise and supposition would impact the development of social sciences' new paradigm.
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