淸末 民初 北京官話 교재에 나타난 웨이드식 표기의 특징 연구

Abstract

Wade romanization is the most commonly written alphabet system prior to the creation of the Hanyu pingyin, established by Thomas Wade in 1867 with the compilation of 語言自邇集. Thomas Wade's 語言自邇集 is a book that describes Peking Dialect which is most popular and influential dialect at that time, Wade romanization had a great influence on the phonetic expression in Chinese textbooks of Late Qing Dynasty. In Late Qing dynasty, there are several romanization system made by Frederic Baller, Samuel Wells Williams, Calvin Wilson Mateer etc. There was no ŋ in Baller's notation, and there was no ʨ, ʨ, ɕ in Williams' system. Furthermore, there was a difference in the notation of ɿ, ʅ, a, ia, u, ɤ, ɤ, i, ye, ən, and əŋ. Next, we adopted wade-style notation to look at the features of how the writing in the textbook documenting Peking sound has changed. First, the initial ŋ was seen only in Wade's works and then disappeared in the rest. However, the final of 蟹 攝 開口 二等 iai, the final of 宕江攝 io and yo the appearance was irregular, and the association with the initial did not match each textbook. Appearances such as lyn, lyan, nun, pou, were shown regardless of the timing of publication. It can be seen that the ŋ, iai, io, yo, lyn, lyan, nun, pou were still in use in Beijing's official culture until the early 1900s. Wade system is a representative product of the period currents, which wanted to overcome the limitations of Chinese characters in the late Qing dynasty, and to give Chinese characters a means of phoneticization, and well reflects the phonetic system of Peking culture at that time.