호손의 단편에 나타난 과학의 이원성
The Duality of Scientific Features in Hawthorne’s Tales
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
호손은 19세기 미국의 과학과 기계문명의 추이를 의식하고 작품으로 표현한 작가이다. 그는 미국사회의 현상을 이상주의적 관점과 과학과 진보를 신뢰하는 복합적 관점으로 주목하였다. 그의 중요한 단편들은 이러한 이중성을 보여주며 그는 주제와 등장인물들을 통하여 자신의 관점과 태도를 구현하고 있다. 그것을 가장 분명하게 보여주는 과학 단편이 「하이데커 박사의 실험」과 「반점」과 「라파찌니의 딸」이다. 「하이데커 박사의 실험」에 등장하는 인물들은 생명의 묘약이 지닌 효험을 위하여 나름으로 노력하지만 신이 통제하는 시간에 의하여 젊음을 되찾지 못하는 실패를 한다. 「반점」의 주인공 에일머는 조지아나의 성애력을 보여주는 반점을 제거하려 하지만 그녀를 죽이는 과학적 오류를 저지른다. 「라파찌니의 딸」에 등장하는 지오바니도 과학적 무지로 인하여 해독제를 잘못 사용하여 베아트리체를 죽게 한다. 이들이 저지르는 실패는 상상과 인간성이 결여되었을 경우 과학이 어떤 결과를 초래하는가 하는 호손의 견해가 반영되어 있다. 이런 관점은 그의 『두 번 하는 이야기』와 『노목사관의 이끼』라는 단편집에 반영되어 있으며 뉴잉글랜드에서의 호손의 창조력과 현실관을 반영하는 문학적 중요성을 보여준다는 평가를 내릴 수 있다.
Abstract
This study aims at an examination of the process of mind that Hawthorne underwent in terms of his underlying creativity, suggesting through his sketches, tales that his works are deeply influenced by the 19th century of American society, especially the tense state between science and pastoralism. Hawthorne tries to reveal his duality toward science and techonology at that time. He understood the nature of the scientific movement. He viewed it with mixed feelings; on the one hand, he was an idealist, on the other hand, he was a believer of science and progress. However, most of his tales and fiction reflect the gloomy side of his ambivalence. The duality is demonstrated through the characters of male scientists who try to achieve their scientific ambitions through female characters. for example, in 「Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment」, Heidegger makes an elixir of life to show that man’s life is only temporal, but his meaning is misunderstood by his companions. In Birthmark, Aylmer fails to eliminate the birthmark on her wife’s face. His inner motive to remove the birthmark is not only the scientist’s experiment over nature, but also the result of his repulsive shock arising from Georgiana’s sexuality. Her death is due to his lack of humanity. In a further example, Giovanni in 「Rappaccini’s Daughter」 removes Beatrice’s birthmark with an antidote. His world of fancy is due to his assumption that Beatrice is poisonous to his existence. Hawthorne assumed that these failures reveal the limitation of scientific power over mankind because of its lack of imagination. Hawthorne’s tales and short stories in 『The Twice-Told Stories』 and 『The Moses From an Old Manse』 can be called as key to interpreting his creativity and position in New England. and therefore be evaluated as indicative of his belief that if science does not respect humanity, its achievement will be harmful to scientists and people, not only in his time but also in the future.
참고문헌 (28)
- 박양근, "나다니엘 호손 연구" (2011), 세종출판사
- 박익두, "호손과 포스트모더니즘" (2003), 도서출판 동인
- Baym, Nina, "The Shape of Hawthorne’s Career" (1976), Cornell University Press
- Brownell, W. C, "Critics on Hawthorne" (1972), University of Miami Press
- Colacurcio, Michael. L, "The Province of Piety" (1984), Harvard University Press
- Crews, Federick C, "The Sins of Fathers" (1966), Oxford University Press
- Crowley J. Donald, "Nathaniel Hawthorne" (1971), Routledge &Kegan Paul
- Derrida, Jacques, "Deconstruction and Criticism" (1979), BKP
- Dauber, Kenneth, "Rediscovering Hawthorne" (1977), Princeton University Press
- Erich, Gloria C, "Family Themes and Hawthorne ; s Fiction, New Brunswick" (1986), Rutgers University Press
- Fogle, Richard Harter, "Hawthorne’s Fiction : The Light and the Dark" (1975), University of Oklahoma Press
- Hawthorne, Nathaniel, "The Centenary Edition of the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Vol. I-XIV" (1980), Ohio State University
- Nathaniel Hawthorne, "The American Notebooks" (1972), Ohio State University Press
- Horton, Rod W, "Backgrounds of American Literary Thought, Englewood Cliffs" (1974), Princeton Hall
- Jacobson, Richard Jr, "Hawthorne’s Conception of the Creative Process" (1965), Harvard University Press
- Kesselring Marion L, "Hawthorne’s Reading 1828-1850" (1975), Haskell House Publishers Ltd
- Marx, Leo, "The Machine in the Garden" (1967), Oxford University Press
- Mellow, James R, "Nathaniel Hawthorne in HIs Times" (1980), Houghton Mifflin Company
- Moore, Margaret B, "The Salem World of Nathaniel Hawthorne" (1998), University of Missouri Press
- Lee, A. Robert, "Nathaniel Hawthorne : New Critical Essays" (1982), Vision Press Limited
- Fetterley, Judith, "The Resisting Reader : A Feminist Approach to American Fiction" (1977), Indiana University Press
- Miller, J. Hillis, "Hawthorne’s & History" (1991), Basil Blackwell Inc
- Stoehr, Taylor, "Hawthorne’s Mad Scientists" (1978), The Shoe String Press, Inc
- Wagenknecht, Edward, "Nathaniel Hawthorne : Man and Writer" (1961), Oxford University Press
- Waggoner, Hyatt H, "Hawthorne : A Critical Study" (1955), Harvard University Press
- Micklus, Robert, "Hawthorne’s Jekyll and Hyde: The Aminadav in Aylmer", Literature and Psychology. vol. XIV, 4, pp.148~158 (1978)
- "American Journal of Botany", ~