나혜석과 요사노 아키코의 모성이데올로기 비판과 여성적 글쓰기

Abstract

This paper is to focus on an object to compare the female writing of two writers, Na Hyeseok (1896-1948) who is a modern female writers in Korea and Yosano Akiko (1878-1942) who is a woman writers of modern Japan, that described vividly the pain of childbirth and criticized the ideology of motherhood. In other words, this paper will compare the feminine writing of modern Korea and Japan as woman writers through analyzing the essay「The feeling of becoming mother」(1923) from Na Hyeseok and the diary 「The record of puerperium」(1909) and the essay 「Story of childbirth in house」(1909) from Yosano Akiko which was supposed to influence on the former essay. Na Hyeseok mention Yosano Akiko twice whom Na Hyeseok met for studying abroad in her article. In the essay「The feeling of becoming mother」, Na Hyeseok did ‘feminine writing’ to criticize false sense of motherhood myths and motherhood ideology by saying frankly the pain of pregnancy, childbirth and parenting women through the independent point of feminine view in which patriarchal society has forced women did. Although she did not try to feminist Image criticism as Yosano Kiko who did point out the women distortion from the male writers, she was a feminist writers who denied squarely motherhood ideology and recovered the female independent feeling in which patriarchal society has forced women did based on the subjective experiences of women. Yosano Akiko wrote several articles in connection with childbirth and motherhood convenience ideology. On the other hand, she portrayed the pain of giving birth through wring and criticized gender distortion of the text images that women were inferior and negative reduced by male writers in patriarchal society . Also she required that male writers should reproduce gender images equally in the article. She was clearly critical to male writers and their works from perspective of feminist criticism of images in the late 1960s in the West in「Story of childbirth in house」. Yosano Akiko should not be revaluated as a feminist writer but also be just feminist literary critics in that feminist criticism of images was attempted by Yosano Akiko for the first time in the late 1990s. Unlike Yosano Akiko worked as a literary critic, attempted to do the feminist criticism first and left several books of criticism in the Japan, Na Hyeseok has left the essay「The feeling of becoming mother」related to childbirth. This does not need to say it was the limits of Na Hyeseok. She had been a painter before she was a writer. In other words, it is no reason to compare between Yosano Akiko ,Japanese, who accepted new culture from West and modernized and Na Hyeseok in colonized Korea in 1920s. In conclusion, Na Hyeseok is a feminist writer who attempted to do feminine writing based on experience of female flesh, while Yosano Akiko is a feminist writer as well as a feminist critic. However, We should evaluate both female writers as revolutionary feminist artists by dealing with their literary theme, the issue of pregnancy and childbirth, which were taboo in that time and attempting female writing to resist the ideology of the patriarchal society. Na Hyeseok & Yosano Akiko have in common that they are on the top status of feminist artists in modern Korea and in Japan.