『삼국지』의 ‘海賊’기사 검토

Abstract

This article aimed to understand the early medieval period ‘pirates’(海賊), the group of violent people who lived at coastal region and island area. The documents of Histories of Three Kingdoms, one of the Chinese official histories, was mainly examined for this goal. During the Han times ‘the sea silk road’ opened, but the documents of sea history increased with the collapse of Empire Han. The great modern chinese historian Chen In Ke (陳寅恪) already argued the importance of coastal region (濱海地域) in the early medieval Chinese History. In his classical work, he focused on the unique aspect of coastal region culture, it was filled with a kind of mysticism from the ancient times. He argued that the important historical events, including the uprising of Huang-jin (黃巾) people’s anti-government movement and the great sea people’s rebellion at Dong–jin(東晋) dynasty, occurred in the cultural background of coastal region. But he missed some important points, especially the economic feature of coastal region. It is natural that common people who lived at the surroundings of sea, strongly influenced by their natural environment. Such dependency made the coastal people find out various ways for living. Farming, fishery, salt making, trading, iron manufacture, transportation business and so on. However on the contrary, the emperor’s bureaucrat state had their own model – every subjects should be served for state as a farmer-warrior. So the state’s rule on the coastal region getting stronger, the resistance of coastal people also getting bigger, the people of pirate were big member of such anti-state movement. And their leaders of pirates were used to be recruited from coastal region’s local elites.