칸트철학에서 사물자체 개념의 운동과 의미

Abstract

In this paper I will investigate the problems of the movement of the concept Ding an sich (thing itself) in Kant's philosophy, especially in Critique of pure reason. The concept Ding an sich is the key concept in Kants philosophy. Ding an sich is the necessary concept for justification of natural science and foundation of moral philosophy. Without the concept Ding an sich, the combination of the restriction in knowledge with the postulat of practical reason is an impossible task in Kant's Critique of pure reason. The concept Ding an sich makes the superiority of practical reason over theoretical reason and the foundation stone of freedom, morality possible. Kant's concept Ding an sich lays the foundation stone of empirical realism and transcendental idealism. The possibility of metaphysics of nature and morality is based on the concept Ding an sich. So in this paper I will take up the concept of the Ding an sich, and investigate on the movement of the concept Ding an sich to explore the equivocality of the concept Ding an sich in transcendental aesthetic, transcendental analytic, and transcendental dialectic. Transcendental idealism means that we have cognition only of appearances, not of Dinge an sich. Our mind is affected by the transcendental objects, Ding an sich in transcendental aesthetic. Objects are given to us by means of sensibility. The concept Ding an sich which is affected by our mind is the most important motif in Kants critical philosophy. Without presupposing the affection by Ding an sich, transcendental idealism and the moral philosophy under freedom could not be established. In transcendental analytic, Ding an sich is the limiting concept (Grenzbegriff) of knowledge or cognition. But in transcendental dialectic, the concept Ding an sich plays the role of the foundation stone of moral philosophy by the means of freedom. In this way the concept Ding an sich has various meanings which possess through three phases at discussions in Critique of pure reason. Therefore The concept Ding an sich has not a fixed meaning, but various meanig through the movement of the concept Ding an sich at three phases at discussion in transcendental aesthetic, and transcendental analytic, transcendental dialectic. Therefore the concept Ding an sich makes us the bridge between cognition and morality. From this point of view the concept Ding an sich is the arch stone of linking between knowledge and morality.