동해안 지역의 마을어장 운영과 갈등 구조

Abstract

The aim of this article is to scrutinize the operation of village fishing grounds in fishing village society using the case of Gangsa- 2 ri, Homigot-myeon, Pohang-si, and to reveal the structure of conflict manifested in the social, economic, and institutional context. The main subjects who utilize the village fishing grounds are the fishing village community and haenyeo, who maintain a symbiotic relationship with each other and cooperate in collecting animals and plants and increasing the amount of resources contained within the fishing grounds. In an economic aspect, the conflict over the village fishing grounds has been caused by the changes in the value of resources. Socially, changes in social relations within the fishing village community are considered an essential variable, and in an institutional context, national policies are the major influencers. Starting in the 1980s, seaweed's value as a resource has shifted to types of shellfish. This meant that conflicts over seaweed frequently occurred until the 1970s, as shellfish have been at the center of the conflict since that era. In addition, social relations within the village bolstered the influence of haenyeo within the fishing village community. This is due to the fact that the number of haenyeo has been decreasing and they have an advantage in overall numbers within the fishing village community, leading to their demands being unable to be ignored by the village people. In succession, in accordance with the national policy, the village fishing grounds have recently changed from a closed space to open grounds, expanding the furthe possibilities of conflict in the end. As such, village fishing grounds are complex spaces where various stages of social relations and interests are intertwined. Such a structure of conflict in the village fishing grounds is deemed to be formed by economic, social, and institutional interactions at home and abroad.