해양경관생태학의 시작점에서
Seascape Ecology from the starting point
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
세계적 기후변화에 따른 해수면 상승과 해양 환경변화는 해양을 연구하는 학자들에게 더 나은 연구를 위해 다양한 도전을 시도하게 하였다. 해양은 경계가 없고, 시각적으로 관찰하기 어려운 한계점이 있으며, 규모(scale)에 따른 영향력이 넓다. 여러 가지 문제를 안고 있는 해양 환경은 국경을 초월하고 생태학만으로 해결하기 어려운 문제가 많아서 국가 간의 정치적이고 정책적 문제해결을 위한 명확한 자료와 대안 제시가 필수적이다. 이러한 복잡한 조건과 필요성에 의해 해양경관생태학이 나타나게 되었다. 해양경관생태학(Seascape ecology)은 본래의 해양생태학적 접근법에 경관생태학(landscape ecology)적 접근법을 적용하고 활용하면서 비교적 최근에 쟁점이 된 학문 분야다. 이것은 해양 생태계의 서식지 분포와 인간을 포함한 생물종 간의 상호작용으로 나타난 공간패턴 분석과 원격탐사와 지리정보시스템 등을 활용하여 분석한다. 또한 원격탐사와 지리정보시스템 활용은 해양 환경 변화와 같이 국가 단위를 넘나들며 광범위하게 발생하고 있는 변화 분석에 매우 적합하다. 경관생태학적 개념과 분석법을 이용한 해양경관생태학은 총체적이고 다학제적 관점에서 정량적이고 시각화한 자료를 제공할 수 있다. 이러한 과학적 분석 자료는 실질적으로 해양생태계를 보존하고 인간의 활동을 조절하면서 지속가능하게 활용할 수 있는 정책적 대안을 만드는 데 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. 해양과 사람을 포함하는 총합적이고 다학제적 연구를 통해 해양경관변화, 해양경관 지도화와 모델링, 해양경관 연결성, 생태학적 기반의 관리 등을 위한 연구가 앞으로 더 해양경관생태학을 발전시키는 데 중요한 영향을 미칠 것이다. 특히, 우리나라는 연안에 서식하는 많은 생물종이 인간과의 관계를 통해 서식에 영향을 받기도 한다. 경관생태학적으로 육지의 농촌은 도시와 삼림 사이에서 오랫동안 자연과 인간의 상호작용에 의한 종다양성에서 매우 중요하다고 알려졌다. 우리나라 연안 지역은 농촌과 같이 끊임없는 인간의 활동이 있었던 지역이다. 앞으로 연안 지역에 인간의 활동이 연안 생태계와 어떤 영향을 주고받는지에 대한 해양경관생태학적 연구가 필요하다. 이 논문은 삼면이 해양으로 둘러싸여 반도 국가인 한국에서 아직 시작점에 있는 해양경관생태학적 연구의 필요성과 앞으로의 연구 방향에 대하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
Changes in the marine environment due to climate change and human disturbance, such as rising sea levels, have caused scientists to study a variety of challenges and problems. Marine environments are complex objects of study. They have no boundaries, they are difficult to observe visually, and they have different influence on their surroundings depending on their scale. A marine environment often transcends national borders, and the multifaceted problems at play cannot be solved solely by marine ecology in its traditional sense. It is essential to present insightful data and alternatives for resolving political and policy problems between countries. The complexity of conditions and requirements has led to the emergence of seascape ecology, an academic field that applies a landscape ecology approach to enrich the original marine ecology approach. It advocates the analysis of spatial patterns by remote sensing and geographic information systems to reveal the habitat distribution of marine ecosystems and interactions between species including humans. This includes the use of both quantitative and qualitative data as well as combining holistic and multidisciplinary perspectives. Also seascape changes that occur across country borders can be analyzed as such. The aggregate of scientific data forms a rich source that will help to create policy alternatives that support sustainability by conserving marine ecosystems and regulating human activities. Through its holistic and multidisciplinary research involving the sea and people, it is obvious that the field of seascape ecology is destined to develop in conjunction with research on topics such as seascape change, seascape mapping and modeling, seascape connectivity, and ecological management. The interactions between the sea and people may have received less attention as a research topic, but simultaneous developments in this direction will be crucial to the future of the field. For example, in the coastal areas of Korea many marine species have been affected by human activities from a long time ago, which to some extent resembles how rural areas have been driven by interactions between humans and nature. Landscape ecological research has shown that these interactions in rural areas are important for biodiversity through the manifestation of ecotones. Likewise, seascape ecology has the potential to give insights into how human activities affect coastal ecosystems. This paper discusses the necessity of seascape ecological research and its future directions in order to illustrate its applicability to Korea as a peninsular country.
참고문헌 (51)
- 고철환, "한국의 갯벌" (2001), 서울대학교 출판부
- 김재은, "전남 신안군의 토지이용에 따른 생태계서비스 가치와 지속가능한 활용방안", 생태와 환경, 47(3), pp.202~213 (2014), 한국수생태학회
- 송기태, "어경의 시대, 바다 경작의 단계와 전망", 민속연구, 25, pp.85~116 (2012)
- 송기태, "조도군도 관매도의 미역밭 경작과 생업전략", 남도민속연구, (26), pp.201~230 (2013), 남도민속학회[DOI]
- 윤종주, "태안군 황도교 건설에 따른 갯벌생태계 복원 영향평가", 한국연안방재학회지, 8(2), pp.79~88 (2021), (사)한국연안방재학회[DOI]
- 이기철, "GIS에 기반한 습지목록의 제작과 활용", 한국지리정보학회지, 13(1), pp.50~61 (2010), 한국지리정보학회
- 홍재상, "갯벌의 생물들", The Science & Technology, (9), pp.66~69 (2003)
- Barbier E.B., "Seascape Ecology", pp.465~481 (2017), Wiley-Blackwell
- Bell, S. S., "Seascapes are landscape after all; Comment on Manderson (2016) :Seascapes are not landscapes : an analysis perfumed using Bernhard Riemann’s rules. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73 : 1831-1838", ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74(8), pp.2276~2279 (2017)
- Berkes, F., "Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management", Ecological Applications, 10(5), pp.1251~1262 (2000)
- Boström, C., "Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats : advances, gaps, and challenges", Marine Ecology Progress Series, 427, pp.191~217 (2011)
- Cardinale, B. J., "Biodiversity Loss and Its Impact on humanity", Nature, 486, pp.59~67 (2012)
- Collin A., "Relating spatial scale to benthoscape patterns with high-resolution bathymetric lidar", Coastal Engineering, 1, pp.4645~4657 (2009)
- Collin A., "Very high resolution mapping of coral reef state using airborne bathymetric LiDAR surface-intensity and drone imagery", International Journal of Remote Sensing, 39, pp.5676~5688 (2018)
- Connolly, R. M., "Review of nekton patterns and ecological processes in seagrass landscape", Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 68, pp.433~444 (2006)
- Costello, M. J., "The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks", pp.129~163 (2016)
- Costello, "The intertidal, ecosystem: The value of Ireland’s shores", pp.25~35 (2005), Royal Irish Academy
- Douvere, "The importance of marine spatial planning in advancing ecosystem-based sea use management", Marine Policy, 32(5), pp.762~771 (2008)
- Estok, S. C., "Landsscape, Seascape, and the Eco-Spatial Imagination" (2016), Routledge
- Foley, J. A., "Global consequences of land use", Science, 309(5734), pp.570~574 (2005)
- Forman, R.T.T., "Land Mosaics : the ecology of landscape and regions" (1995), Cambridge University Press
- Forman, "Landscape Ecology" (1986), John Wiley & Sons
- Frazier, A. E., "Landscape Metrics : Past progress and future directions", Current, Landscape Ecology Reports, 2(3), pp.63~72 (2017)
- Fuller, B.J.C., "Ecology, of Fragmented Landscapes", pp.1~5 (2013)
- Hong, S.-K, "Fengshui theory in urban landscape planning", Urban Ecosystems, 10, pp.221~237 (2007)
- Kavanaugh, M. T., "Seascapes as a new vernacular for pelagic ocean monitoring, management and conservation", ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, 73(7), pp.1839~1850 (2016)
- Kendall, M. S., "Patterns of scale-dependency and the influence of map resolution on the seascape ecology of reef fish", Marine Ecology Progress Series, 427, pp.259~274 (2011)
- 김도승, "해양공간계획의 법제화 현상과 개선과제", 법학논총, 26(1), pp.91~112 (2019), 법학연구원[DOI]
- 김재은, "Rural landscape and biocultural diversity in Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea", Journal of Ecology and Environment, 38(2), pp.249~256 (2015), 한국생태학회[DOI]
- Kim, J. -E., "Land use patterns and landscape structures on the islands in Jeonnam Province’s Shinan County occasioned by the construction of mainland bridges", Journal of Marine and Island, Cultures, 5, pp.53~59 (2016)
- 김재은, "Pattern and process in MAEUL, a traditional Korean rural landscape", Journal of Ecology and Environment, 34(2), pp.237~249 (2011), 한국생태학회
- Kim, J. -E., "Changes in patch mosaics and vegetation structure of rural forested landscapes under shifting human impacts in South Korea", Landscape, and. Ecological Engineering, pp.177~195 (2006)
- Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, "Ecosystems and human welling-being: Synthesis" (2005), Island Press
- Manderson, "Seascape are not landscapes : an analysis performed using Bernhard Riemann’s rules", ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73(7), pp.1831~1838 (2016)
- MEA(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment), "Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series" (2005), Island Press
- McGarigal, K., "Issues and, perspectives in landscape ecology", pp.112~119 (2005), Cambridge University Press
- Nassauer, J. I., "Culture and changing landscape structure", Landscape Ecology, 10(4), pp.229~237 (1995)
- Odum, H T., "Systems ecology; An introduction" (1983), Wiley
- Olds, A. D., "eascape Ecology" (2017), John Wiley & Sons
- Pittman, S. J., "Practicing coastal seascape ecology", Marine Ecology, Progress Series, 427, pp.187~190 (2011)
- Pittman, S. J., "Seascape ecology : identifying research priorities for an emerging ocean sustainability science", Marine Ecology Progress Series, 663, pp.1~29 (2021)
- Pittman, S.J., "Seascape Ecology", pp.485~494 (2018), Wiley-Blackwell
- Pittman, S.J., "Seascape Ecology" (2018), John Wiley & Sons Ltd
- Selkoe, K. A., "A decade of seascape genetics : contributions to basic and applied marine connectivity", Mrine Ecology Progress Series, 554, pp.1~19 (2016)
- Steel, e J. H., "The ocean ‘landscape’", Landscape Ecology, 3, pp.185~192 (1989)
- Takeuchi K, "Satoyama : The Traditional Rural, Landscape of Japan" (2003), Springer-Verlag
- Turner, M.G., "Landscape ecolgogy the effect of pattern on process", Annual Review Ecology and, Systematics, 20, pp.171~197 (1989)
- Turner, M.G., "Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice : Pattern and, Process" (2011), Springer-Verlag
- Waltham, N., "Ecological engineering in the coastal seascape", Ecological Engineering, 120, pp.554~559 (2018)
- Wu, J., "Landscape of culture and culture of landscape:does landscape ecology need culture?", Landscape Ecology, 25(8), pp.1147~1150 (2010)
- Zajac R. N., "Relationships among sea-floor structure and benthic communities in Long Island Sound at regional and benthoscape scapes", Journal of Coastal Research, 16(3), pp.627~640 (2000)