초등학교 취학 나이가 학업성취도에 미치는 영향
The Effects of School Starting Age on Academic Achievement
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구는 초등학교 취학 나이가 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 3학년까지의 기간 동안 학업성취도에 미치는 영향과 그 변화를 분석한다. 실제 초등학교 취학 나이는 조기입학이나 취학유예와 같은 부모의 선택에 영향을 받아 내생적으로 결정되기 때문에 초·중등교육법에 의해서 규정된 초등학교 취학 시기와 출생일에 의해 결정되는 의무 취학 나이를 실제 취학 나이에 대한 도구변수로 사용해서 초등학교 취학 나이가 학업성취도에 미치는 인과적인 효과를 추정했다. 도구변수 추정 결과 취학 나이가 많은 학생들이 어린 학생들보다 초등학교와 중학교에서 국어, 수학, 영어 성적이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고등학교에서도 일부 긍정적인 효과가 관찰된다. 이 결과는 취학 나이가 어린 학생들의 학습과 학교 적응을 도와줄 제도와 정책이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the effect of school starting age on academic achievement from fourth grade to 12th grade, and how the effects change as students advance into higher grades. Since the actual school starting age is determined by an endogenous choice of the parents, such as early entry or postponement of entering school, we estimate the causal effect of school starting age on academic achievement using the mandatory school starting age determined by the school-entry cutoff date, and the date of birth as an instrument for the actual school starting age. The IV estimation results show that older students at school entry have higher test scores in Korean, math, and English in elementary and middle schools. The positive effects are observed even in high school. This study suggests that systems and policies are needed to help younger students learn and adapt to school.
참고문헌 (28)
- 김정호, "출산의 계절성 분석", 한국인구학, 43(1), pp.61~94 (2020), 한국인구학회[DOI]
- 김태훈, "초등학교 취학나이가 대학진학에 미치는 영향", 노동경제논집, 34(1), pp.1~32 (2011), 한국노동경제학회
- 조현국, "12월생은 두 번 불리한가? 동급생 대비 나이, 부모 배경 차이로 인한 불리함", 노동경제논집, 41(2), pp.89~106 (2018), 한국노동경제학회
- 조현국, "부모 경험 효과: 출생순위에 따른 출생월 분석", 노동경제논집, 42(1), pp.107~128 (2019), 한국노동경제학회
- Bassok, D., "Academic Redshirting"in Kindergarten : Prevalence, Patterns, and Implications", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 35(3), pp.283~297 (2013)
- Bedard, K., "The Persistence of Early Childhood Maturity : International Evidence of Long-run Age Effects", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(4), pp.1437~1472 (2006)
- Bedard, K., "School-entry Policies and Skill Accumulation Across Directly and Indirectly Affected Individuals", Journal of Human Resources, 47(3), pp.643~683 (2012)
- Buckles, K. S., "Season of Birth and Later Outcomes : Old Questions, New Answers", Review of Economics and Statistics, 95(3), pp.711~724 (2013)
- qClarke, D., "Practical Considerations for Questionable IVs", The Stata Journal, 18(3), pp.663~691 (2018)
- Conley, T. G., "Plausibly Exogenous", Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(1), pp.260~272 (2012)
- When You Are Born Matters: the Impact of Date of Birth on Educational Outcomes in England, "Crawford, C.", IFS, ~, pp.Working Papers (No. 10, 06) (2010)
- Deming, D., "The Lengthening of Dhildhood", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(3), pp.71~92 (2008)
- Dhuey, E., "School Starting Age and Cognitive Development", Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 38(3), pp.538~578 (2019)
- Elder, T. E., "Kindergarten Entrance Age and Children’s Achievement Impacts of State Policies, Family Background, and Peers", Journal of Human Resources, 44(3), pp.641~683 (2009)
- Fletcher, J., "The Effects of Changes in Kindergarten Entry Age Policies on Educational Achievement", Economics of Education Review, 50, pp.45~62 (2016)
- Huang, C., "The Early Bird Catches the Worm? School Entry Cutoff and the Timing of Births", Journal of Development Economics, 143, pp.102386~ (2020)
- Lubotsky, D., "DoSkills Beget Skills'? Evidence on the Effect of Kindergarten Entrance Age on the Evolution of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skill Gaps in Childhood", Economics of Education Review, 53, pp.194~206 (2016)
- Kawaguchi, D., "Actual Age at School entry, Educational Outcomes, and Earnings", Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 25(2), pp.64~80 (2011)
- The Effects of Kindergarten-Entry Age, Age-at-Evaluation, and Schooling on Educational Achievement. Working paper, "Kim, T.", ~ (2018)
- Kim, T., "Age culture, School-entry Cutoff, and the Choices of Birth Month and School-entry Timing in South Korea", Journal of Demographic Economics, 87(1), pp.33~65 (2021)
- Mühlenweg, A. M., "The evolution of the school-entry age effect in a school tracking system", Journal of Human Resources, 45(2), pp.407~438 (2010)
- Nam, K., "Until When Does the Effect of Age on Academic Achievement Persist? Evidence from Korean Data", Economics of Education Review, 40, pp.106~122 (2014)
- Pehkonen, J., "Relative Age at School Entry, School Performance and Long-term Labour Market Outcomes", Applied Economics Letters, 22(16), pp.1345~1348 (2015)
- Ponzo, M., "The Long-lasting Effects of School Entry Age : Evidence from Italian Students", Journal of Policy Modeling, 36(3), pp.578~599 (2014)
- Puhani, P. A., "The Economics of Education and Training", pp.105~132 (2008), Physica-Verlag HD
- School Entry Cutoff Date and the Timing of Births, "Shigeoka, H.", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~, pp.No. w21402 (2015)
- Smith, J., "Can Regression Discontinuity Help Answer an Age-old Question in Education? The Effect of Age on Elementary and Secondary School Achievement", The BE Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 9(1) (2009)
- Stipek, D., "At What Age Should Children Enter Kindergarten? A Question for Policy Makers and Parents", Social Policy Report, 16(2) (2002), Society for Research in Child Development[DOI]