사회적ㆍ생태적 위기 국면과 해녀사회의 동향 －포항 구룡포 지역의 사례－

Abstract

The following research examines the SocialㆍEcological crisis and the course of Haenyo community by studying the case of Guryongpo, Pohang as an example. The main principle behind the continuation of Haenyo community in Guryongpo, Pohang is based on conservationism and familiarity among community, the resulting fraternity and conflict with the outside, and work strategies that maximize profit. Since the 2000s the continued decrease in the number of Haenyo and the population aging has served to threaten the continuation of the Haenyo community. Especially the act of catching fish at night has shifted the resources within the community fishing grounds into a mutually owned asset, making the concept of the Tragedy of the Commons into a reality. In this process, the strategy of increasing the number of working days to maximize profit has become less realistic and the method of limiting indiscreet production within community fishing grounds to preserve the resources has decreased in efficiency under the logic of capitalism. Recently, Haenyo communities in the vicinity of Guryongpo have perceived such crisis and are making self-reliant responses. This is especially the case in 2021 in which a female community representative was elected in Guryongpo for the first time and changes within the community have hastened. Changes including stabilizing the economy through direct transaction of fishery products and eagerly accepting new members have shifted the previously restrictive community into a more open community. Considering the situation in which the Haenyo community are experiencing a decrease in both workforce and resources, such attempts may be defined as self-reliant responses that allow the Haenyo community to preserve its rights and increase its sustainability. Such changes may give us implications to consider in the process of finding the solution for the sustainability of the Haenyo community.