민법 제666조에 대한 입법론적 소고
The Legislative Consideration of Civil Act 666
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The Civil Act 665, 1 ordains payment in construction contract to be made in the same time when the subject-matter finished is transferred, i. e. as those of the concurrent relation in construction contract are the transfer of completion works and the issue of payment. But in construction contracts of the real estate, a recipient can't claim the payment until he redeems most of the benefits related, such as provision of materials, construction, etc. in the process and transfers the subject-matter later. However, it is impossible or meaningless for a contractor to rehabilitate by revoking the contract, in case a contractor doesn't make payment when the subject-matter is delivered. Hence, the Civil Act 666 makes it possible to claim settlement of mortgage on the real estate which a recipient's benefit is materialized to as a complementary measure for the construction condition precedent of a recipient of a real estate construction. As such, Civil Act 666 is something which abolishes legal lien of the construction of the real estate under past Civil Act 327, established following German civil code 648 (1) to replace it. Therefore, like German civil code 648 (1) which showed a lot of problems from the legislation, our Civil Act 666 shows the same problems. Contract recipient is forced to follow construction condition precedent from the nature of the contract, further losing the ownership of the materials they provided in correspondence with the land. This, in other words, represents the construction condition precedent and the principle of appending should protect the payment of a construction recipient with the legal mortgage. The benefit of a recipient who is forced to follow construction condition precedent is owned by a contractor formally while the payment is not made, but virtually, it remains to be a recipient's subject-matter in the form of legal mortgage. As the method to ensure bond remuneration of a recipient in a real estate construction, most of countries ordain legal rights granted by way of security. For example, French civil code ordains Des privilèges spéciaux under 2374 and Japanese law holds prior rights of the real estate construction under 327, following it. America has Mechanics’ and Materialmen’s Lien as a right to receive reimbursement of bonds of someone in subject-matters prior to other general creditors, who provided labor, service and materials but not reimbursed in relation to the improvement of the real estate. German civil code has the claim to provide a security in the form of a mortgage under § 648 and § 648 section was later added because of the imperfect nature of this regulation. Also, Swiss has the legal mortgage system of a construction recipient which was newly established compromising legislations of several countries. Compared with the legislations of these other countries, our Civil Act has some problems, which was exposed in foreign legislations previously, but foreign countries are trying to overcome this problem in various ways. Foreign legislative examples are divided in two classes. One is the way to secure construction recipient's bond in priority, demolishing the principle of an order in registration, and the other is the way within limit of not demolishing the principle of an order in registration, and there is an eclectic method of these two systems. In this paper, we saw the foreign legislative examples shortly, and looked into the amendment direction of our Civil Act 666.
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